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We are delighted to share with you a curated selection of podcasts and webinars highlighting the most impactful topics in semiconductors and manufacturing.
They are designed to challenge key drivers and opportunities, while identifying potential limitations and bottlenecks that must be addressed

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Europe’s Quantum Momentum: From National Ecosystems to European Pilot Lines

with Pekka Pursula Vice President of Microelectronics and quantum technology  at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

Christian Reitberger expresses concerns about a potential future dominated by Nvidia, where all computing services are provided by a few major companies, creating a monopolized and homogenous landscape. He advocates for a more diverse and colorful world, where system integration incorporates various technologies and architectures.

George Ugras shares optimism, citing historical precedents where dominant market shares have been challenged by innovative newcomers.

Regis Hamelin :
Good afternoon everyone and welcome to this new session of the Chips Think Tank.

This is a series of webinars brought to you by the aCCCess project, providing insights and reflections on the semiconductor industry from European and international leaders. Today, I am very pleased to welcome Pekka Pursula, Vice President of Microelectronics and Quantum Technology at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.

Welcome, Pekka, and thank you for being with us today.

The previous sessions are available on our YouTube channel. You can scan the QR code on the right side of my screen to access it directly. This is an interactive session. You are very welcome to participate, ask questions, and react. You may agree or disagree, we want to hear from you. Please share your thoughts about everything we discuss today. We really enjoy when these sessions are interactive.

Today, we are going to talk about Europe’s Quantum Momentum. I am Regis Hamelin, CTO of Blumorpho and coordinator of aCCCess, and once again, I am delighted to welcome Pekka Pursula.

A few words about the aCCCess project: we are a consortium of seven partners funded by Digital Europe under the Chips Joint Undertaking programme. The project runs for four years. We are already one year into the project, with a total budget of four million euros. On the right side, you can see our associated partners.

Regarding the CHIPS Competence Centres, there is one per country, two in Spain and two in Belgium. In total, there are 30 CHIPS Competence Centres. These are hubs of excellence offering technological expertise, training support, and facilitation of access to venture capital. We have a dedicated action fostering collaboration between aCCCess and all the Competence Centres.

Although you see 30 points on the map, they are all connected through the aCCCess network.On the right, you can also see the pilot lines, which are increasingly integrated into our activities. Before we move forward, we would like to know more about you. Who are you?

Are you a startup?
Are you a large corporate interested in quantum?
Are you an investor?
Are you part of a CHIPS Competence Centre?
Or something else?

I will give you a few seconds to answer.

Let’s close the poll and look at the results. We have a majority from CHIPS Competence Centres, 14% startups, 8% large companies, no investors today, and around 20% selected “other.”

Thank you,  it is very helpful to know who is in the room.

Let’s talk about Finland. Finland has 5,657,608 inhabitants, according to estimates from January 2026. The semiconductor industry represents around 5,000 employees, and the top 100 companies in Finland have invested 9 billion euros in R&D. It is clearly a country strongly oriented toward innovation.

Finland has also been ranked the happiest country in the world for eight consecutive years. So my first question for you, Pekka: are you happy today?

Pekka Pursula :
Of course I am happy, I am a Finn.

Regis Hamelin :
All Finns are happy. Can you introduce yourself and tell us more about your responsibilities at VTT?

Pekka Pursula :

Thank you, and welcome everybody to this webinar. Thank you for having me. My name is Pekka Pursula. I am Vice President of Microelectronics and Quantum Technologies at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.

We have around 250 people working at VTT in microelectronics and quantum technologies. We operate our own cleanroom and fabrication facilities where we conduct development work.

We are very much focused on chips and hardware, both in microelectronics and quantum. We also extend into applications in certain areas, but our main focus is on technology development. My role as Vice President is to lead these activities, ensure daily operations run smoothly, and define long-term roadmaps, determining where we want to go.

In this role and in my previous roles, I have been very active in advancing quantum technology toward industrialization. The objective is to transform it into a mature technology, similar to how microelectronics evolved from photonics to CMOS and beyond.

CMOS represents the ultimate benchmark in terms of yield and mass production. Now is clearly the time for quantum technology to move from research laboratories into industrial use. This has been central to my agenda for years.

Regis Hamelin :

What is your connection to the quantum pilot lines?

Pekka Pursula :
Within the framework of the European Chips Act, quantum pilot lines are being established at the European level. There are several of them. I coordinate the superconducting quantum pilot line. I will provide more details shortly.

Regis Hamelin :
Please go ahead and share your presentation.

Pekka Pursula :
Do you see my slides?

Regis Hamelin :

Yes, perfectly.

Pekka Pursula :
Excellent.

Following the title of today’s session, my presentation has two parts. We will first look at the Finnish quantum technology ecosystem, and then extend the discussion to the European perspective and the European quantum pilot lines.

Starting with the Finnish ecosystem, what characterizes the Finnish innovation ecosystem overall — and especially the quantum ecosystem, is the very close collaboration between universities, RTOs such as VTT, and companies.

In a small country, the ecosystem is naturally compact, so everyone knows each other. Our national funding and innovation agencies strongly promote collaboration, and typically the funding they distribute requires cooperation between these different actors.

On top of this, we have a long tradition in low-temperature physics, quantum technology, and superconductivity research dating back to the 1960s. We also benefit from world-class infrastructure, both in cleanrooms and chip development and fabrication, as well as computing infrastructure, including classical supercomputers and quantum computers. This places us in a strong position to develop quantum technologies from research through industrialization and into companies. This strength was recognized just a few months ago when ESIP published a worldwide ranking of quantum ecosystems. The Helsinki region was ranked number one in competitiveness in Europe.

When discussing industrialization, I would also like to highlight the wide range of companies already active in quantum technologies in Finland. New startups are being founded continuously, and established companies are entering the quantum field. There are global industry leaders such as Bluefors, which is the industry leader in cooling solutions for quantum. Companies like Modulight and Wexlum specialize in laser products and have found strong markets in quantum applications. IQM has also been very prominent in recent news, having announced plans to go public with a valuation of approximately 1.5 billion euros. Overall, Finland is in a strong position in quantum technologies, especially in superconducting technologies. Within national programmes, we are building quantum computers that are largely based on Finnish technology and expertise.

Currently, we have a 50-qubit quantum computer that was launched roughly a year ago. By “launched,” I mean that since then it has been available to researchers and industry users for developing quantum algorithms and applications. It is also connected to the LUMI supercomputer in Finland, hosted by CSC, the Finnish IT Center for Science. LUMI is one of the fastest, if not the fastest, supercomputers in Europe.

The national development programme continues toward a 300-qubit quantum computer, which will also be hosted at VTT. This is a co-development between VTT and IQM, with the objective of reaching 300 qubits within approximately two years. This is the background of the Finnish ecosystem. Let me now explain how this links to the European level.

As I mentioned earlier, the European Chips Act includes several goals and operational objectives. Many of them concern advanced chips, such as AI and high-performance CMOS processors. However, there is also a specific operational objective dedicated to quantum chips. The goal of the Chips Act is to build advanced technological capabilities for quantum chips and to develop pilot lines for prototyping and producing them. If we look at the EU Quantum Strategy, published roughly six months ago, we see slightly different wording regarding the pilot lines. It emphasizes industrialization as their central role.

This shift, from prototyping to industrialization, reflects the rapid pace of development in quantum technologies. In just a few years, the focus has moved significantly toward industrialization rather than research-only prototyping. As part of this Chips Act objective, the European Union, through the Chips Joint Undertaking, is establishing European quantum pilot lines. There are six pilot lines, one for each major quantum platform: superconducting, photonic, ion traps, neutral atoms, semiconducting, and diamond. All share the common goal of industrializing quantum technology, particularly at the chip level.

These pilot lines will not build full quantum computers. They focus on the most critical building blocks — the chips that power quantum computers. The goal is to develop stable and reproducible chip fabrication technologies and to provide access to these technologies for users across Europe, both in academia and industry. The consortia for these pilot lines have been selected. They will begin operations this spring. There is an approved six-year roadmap, with initial funding granted for approximately three years. After that, there will be a milestone, a go/no-go decision, and, if successful, the next three years of funding will be allocated to complete the six-year roadmap. The services provided will include fabrication services — pilot fabrication services — which will become available during the first three years.

I coordinate SUPREME, the superconducting European quantum pilot line, and I will provide more details on it shortly. Before that, let me briefly summarize all six pilot lines.

The coordinators of the other pilot lines kindly provided information so I could present an overview.Each pilot line focuses on a specific quantum platform, and within each platform there are several variants of chip technologies that must be developed. For example, in superconducting technologies, we are developing different fabrication processes. There are two methods for fabricating Josephson junctions, angle evaporation and etching, as well as 3D integration and hybrid processes, particularly for photonic applications. In semiconducting technologies, there are silicon-on-insulator and silicon-germanium platforms for quantum dots.

An important note is that the photonic quantum pilot line is somewhat different because it strongly supports ion trap and neutral atom platforms as well, since these platforms rely heavily on photonics. In that sense, it supports three platforms. All pilot lines aim to improve technology maturity. As indicated in the services column, they intend to provide Process Design Kits (PDKs), which are digital descriptions of chip fabrication processes. These allow users to design their own chips, which can then be fabricated through Multi-Project Wafer (MPW) runs.

Let me now provide a more detailed view of the SUPREME pilot line. A superconducting quantum chip can be structured as follows: One chip contains the qubits, forming the quantum processing unit. An interposer wafer provides vertical connections and signal lines to each qubit. A third chip contains a redistribution wiring layer. These are integrated in a superconducting 3D stack, forming the quantum processing unit within a quantum computer.

In this consortium, we have gathered leading expertise in superconducting technologies from companies and research organizations across Europe. It is noteworthy that the consortium includes more companies than RTOs, reflecting strong industrial involvement. It includes both SMEs and large companies, including major foundries such as Infineon. Although there are more than 20 partners, chip fabrication will take place at only a few selected sites. Other partners will support process development at those locations. The pilot line is coordinated by VTT and myself. The vision and goal of the pilot line are to develop stable and repeatable fabrication processes across four technology flavours, with a strong emphasis on repeatability and stability. As shown earlier, 3D integrated quantum processing units require angle-evaporated junctions and advanced 3D integration processes. Etched junctions are particularly suitable for devices requiring thousands of junctions, such as traveling-wave parametric amplifiers for qubit readout or classical SFQ logic co-processors. Hybrid processes are needed for optical integration, enabling optical qubit control and future transducers for quantum internet applications.

Our objective is to provide stable fabrication services to users, starting next year with the first PDKs and MPW runs. Through these actions, we aim to strengthen the European ecosystem for superconducting quantum chip innovation and help grow successful European companies in this field. I will stop here and open the discussion with Regis and with all of you. To summarize, Finland has built a strong quantum ecosystem based on decades of research and infrastructure development. The superconducting pilot line is an effort to replicate this success at the European level.

Regis Hamelin :
Thank you very much for this detailed presentation.

We already have a question from the audience. Are there plans to offer multi-project wafers for ion trap chips?

Pekka Pursula :
Yes. All pilot lines aim to offer multi-project wafer services at some point in their roadmap. For ion traps specifically, the timeline is defined within their three-year development plan.

Regis Hamelin :
Another question: will the PDKs be open source?

Pekka Pursula :
From the perspective of the superconducting pilot line, they will not be fully open source. There will be licensing agreements, which is typical for distributing PDKs. However, they will be detailed enough to enable proper chip design.

Regis Hamelin :
Do you believe there will be enough practical use cases to support a large-scale market?

Pekka Pursula :

It is definitely about time scales. Currently, the market is not yet there. There is no use case that justifies large-scale manufacturing at this stage. However, if we look at expectations regarding technological development, as the technology advances, more applications will emerge. Market growth projections, particularly in quantum computing, but also in quantum chips more broadly, as well as quantum communication and quantum sensing, indicate strong potential. So it is not really a question of whether the market will exist, but rather when it will exist. That is much harder to predict. However, the growth rate is currently very fast, so I would say that the time will come.

Regis Hamelin :

So the first question is: what are the technologies we need to focus on, and how long will it take?

Pekka Pursula :

Excellent question. Thank you, Elisabeth. Enabling technologies are, of course, a very broad topic. Starting with superconductors, a clear enabling technology is cooling. There are differences between platforms. For example, neutral atoms and ion traps rely heavily on photonics. To scale those technologies, you must scale the photonic driving and readout systems. Focusing on superconductors, enabling technologies include cooling and a significant amount of driving electronics. Most of this electronics operates at room temperature, but part of it could be integrated inside the cryostat to reduce the number of cables between room temperature and cryogenic temperatures. This could be achieved using cryogenic electronics, for example, cryo-CMOS chips.

Then there is wiring, which is a real challenge in scaling superconducting systems. Wiring solutions could involve more innovative approaches at RF frequencies or moving toward optical frequencies, meaning optical wiring between room temperature and superconducting temperatures. In addition, the entire software stack is, in a sense, also an enabling technology.

That would be a good starting point.

Regis Hamelin :

What about packaging? When we look at the picture you showed, the system is very hybrid. You mentioned cooling, photonics, electronics,  and packaging seems to be one of the key elements.

Pekka Pursula :

You are absolutely right.

The reason I did not explicitly list packaging as an enabling technology is that I consider 3D integration to be so closely linked to the performance of the quantum system that I see it as part of the core technology rather than just an enabling component. However, packaging exists at many levels: chip level, module level, and device level. At the module and device levels in particular, packaging is definitely an important enabling technology.

Regis Hamelin :

We have many more questions, so I will try to address them one by one. Another question is: what is the best way to get in touch with you?We will share your contact details, so you will be easy to reach. 

Next question, from Jeremy Velton: Do you see possibilities for coordination between at least some of the pilot lines in order to develop chips that are compatible across modalities and could be integrated into a similar full-stack quantum computer?

Pekka Pursula :

Regarding the first part of the question, coordination between pilot lines, the answer is definitely yes. We are already doing that.

For example, we are working between the superconducting pilot line and the photonics pilot line to ensure that the superconducting-based photonic components and processes we are developing can be combined with the photonic PICs developed in the photonics pilot line. Similarly, we are discussing how to integrate superconducting elements into ion trap activities within the ion trap pilot line.

So coordination is already taking place. The second part of the question, whether similar components could support multiple platforms, is more challenging. Some enabling technologies can support several platforms. However, at a deep technical level, specifications differ significantly. For example, cryo-CMOS technology can likely support several platforms, but not with the same chip design. Each platform would require a different chip design.

Regis Hamelin :

Thank you very much. Thank you for all your questions. That was from Jeremy Velton, who says thank you — apparently you answered perfectly. So he is a happy customer. Everyone is happy today. Finnish happiness is contagious. Let’s continue the discussion. We have had about ten years of Quantum Flagship funding. Now we are moving into the pilot line phase, and you mentioned that pilot lines focus on industrialization. That is a significant shift in focus. Do you really feel that shift happening?

And this relates to our earlier discussion about business potential. Do you already see this transition from research to business today?

Pekka Pursula :

I believe the window is opening. The market is still largely driven by research, but we already see successful companies raising significant amounts of money and selling products in this market. This transition is happening.

That said, we need both research and industrialization. We should not neglect research funding, because many open questions remain and new discoveries are still needed. At the same time, we must enable the scaling of this technology into applications. If we only start thinking about scaling once a large market already exists, someone else will capture that market. We need to act now.

Quantum business has already reached billions globally. For example, a single US company has raised over one billion dollars. The market is emerging. There is strong corporate interest — for example, in connecting quantum computers to supercomputers, as shown earlier. You also mentioned IQM going public.

We are starting to see successful funding rounds and exits for investors. That is an important milestone. These are signs that we are moving toward a real business economy in quantum, rather than purely research and development.

Regis Hamelin :
We already see strong signs of market emergence, billions in funding, corporate interest, and companies like IQM preparing to go public. Let me ask about collaboration versus competition. Is the ecosystem still collaborative?

Pekka Pursula :
There is still a strong collaborative spirit, especially since we remain in a largely pre-competitive phase. Demonstrations of quantum advantage benefit the entire field. However, as companies move toward shorter-term industrial objectives, competition naturally increases. So we are beginning to see more competition, but collaboration remains strong.

Regis Hamelin :
What about European sovereignty in quantum?

Pekka Pursula :

At the European level, if we compare sovereignty in AI chips or in the most advanced processors, European sovereignty is perhaps not very strong. However, in quantum technology, we already have a significant degree of sovereignty at this stage. That is a strong position we should build upon. Quantum is a critical technology of the future, and we need to invest in it now so that we can be in a better position than we currently are in areas such as AI chips — and avoid ending up in the same situation.

Regis Hamelin :

There is also this metric regarding the number of qubits.

We are mainly talking about quantum computing because it represents 80% of venture investment today. Eighty percent of venture capital in quantum goes into quantum computing. All platforms and technologies are included within that 80%. The remaining 20% is allocated to quantum communication and other segments. That is why we are focusing so much on quantum computing in this discussion. Are we talking about physical or logical qubits today?

Pekka Pursula :

This is actually where I have seen some of the most significant development over the past year or two. Quantum error correction has made tremendous progress. At the moment, when we talk about qubits, we are still mostly referring to physical qubits. There have been demonstrations of logical qubits, even a few logical qubits within the same device. However, performing a full set of logical operations at the logical qubit level remains very rare.

This is an area of very active development, and we are not there yet. Achieving full error correction will still take time. That said, even with physical qubits, I am confident that we will see quantum advantage in certain applications before 2030, even if fully error-corrected quantum computers are not yet available by then. This is a field where a great deal of development is happening, and we are not there yet. Achieving full error correction will still take time.

However, even with physical qubits, I am confident that we will see quantum advantage in certain applications before 2030, even if we do not yet have fully error-corrected quantum computers by then.

Regis Hamelin :

What are the strengths of Finland?

You mentioned superconducting technology, which you lead at VTT. You also mentioned a few champions. So what are Finland’s strengths in quantum?

Pekka Pursula :

I would say that superconducting technology is definitely where we have the strongest position. What I am very happy to see is that many companies are now looking into quantum applications, especially applications of quantum computing. New companies are being founded, and existing companies are beginning to explore how quantum can be integrated into their business. This represents a new wave of activity, which I find very promising.

Traditionally, the Finnish quantum ecosystem has been strongly hardware-focused, particularly on superconductors. In photonics as well, I mentioned laser companies such as Modulight that are tailoring their products for quantum applications. So historically, it has been very hardware-focused, and that remains one of our strengths. However, I now see interesting developments beyond traditional quantum companies. For example, companies that have been active in AI are starting to explore quantum. This builds on one of Finland’s strengths — the application of AI in quantum.

We are also seeing the emergence of new software companies focused on applications, including AI and combined AI–quantum approaches.

Regis Hamelin :

A few years ago, there were concerns about a potential “quantum winter” from a venture capital perspective. As you are not directly in venture capital but observe the ecosystem, do you think companies are struggling to raise funds in quantum?

Pekka Pursula :

I may not be the best person to answer that, but I would say both yes and no. There is some consolidation. Some companies are raising substantial funding, while others may be struggling. However, I do not see a major quantum winter.

Regis Hamelin :

I actually looked into this topic. According to a study from McKinsey and PitchBook, global investment in quantum increased by 50% year-over-year, from 1.3 billion to 2 billion between 2023 and 2024. So there is no winter. In fact, more capital — around 2.2 billion — is being invested. Most of the investment is in Europe and Asia, which is interesting. Again, 80% of investment goes to quantum computing. The trend suggests that funding is currently supporting earlier-stage companies. Younger companies appear to be receiving more support in 2024 compared to more mature or scaling companies. So based on this data, there does not seem to be a quantum winter at the moment. There is still investment potential for young companies.

I see another question from Elisabeth Steinmetz. How can we ensure that we maintain our strengths and industrialize quantum computing in Europe? Where are the biggest gaps in the ecosystem today? In other words, do you see opportunities for new company creation?

Pekka Pursula :

I definitely see new opportunities in the application layer.

As the underlying technology matures, and if we compare to classical computing, the hardware today represents only a small portion of the total added value created by computers. In the long term, the same will be true for quantum computing. Most of the value will not be in the hardware itself. The value will be in algorithms and applications. So that is clearly an area with opportunities.

As for critical gaps and ensuring that this happens in Europe, that is an excellent question. I do not have a simple answer.

Regis Hamelin :

If the value lies in applications, then we need to develop more use cases. That likely requires engagement from large corporates who can identify practical applications and experiment with quantum computing. Elisabeth also asks about software and design.

Pekka Pursula :

That is a very good point. Even though many tools are open-source, one of the most widely used quantum software platforms today is IBM’s Qiskit — which is, of course, a US-based platform. This raises an important question: how can we ensure European strength in software and design? 

If we look at the classical semiconductor value chain, the highest added value lies in applications and design. Fabrication, even though it is a massive business, tends to have lower margins compared to higher levels of the value chain. So software and design are critical. There is significant opportunity here because quantum chip design toolchains are still immature and heterogeneous across platforms and users. This creates room to build strong, competitive European design toolchains. There are also opportunities across all layers of the software stack — from user interfaces and programming environments to firmware.

Regis Hamelin :

We have discussed technology extensively, but what about talent and skills? Are there difficulties? Do we lack talent in quantum in Europe?

Pekka Pursula :

If we look at statistics, Europe may not be lacking quantum talent compared to other regions. However, this is a fast-growing and highly dynamic market. There is constant demand for new experts. For deep technology development, whether in hardware or advanced software — it takes years of training, often a PhD in physics or a highly specialized field.

So building that expertise is a long-term process.

In the long term, we must also ensure that people can use quantum computing and quantum technology,  especially quantum computing, without needing a PhD in physics. We need programmers with computer science backgrounds to be able to use quantum computing. Quantum can indeed be intimidating. When we hear “quantum,” we tend to think of something extremely complex and intellectually demanding.

But engineers can absolutely contribute to quantum technologies, even without mastering the underlying physics in depth.

Regis Hamelin :

We have a comment from Elisabeth Steinmetz.

EPOS has recently launched a task force on quantum enabling technologies, with the goal of creating a common European ecosystem, bringing together new quantum actors and established semiconductor players, effectively merging the two communities. Companies interested are invited to get in touch. So please feel free to contact EPOS and Elisabeth Steinmetz if you would like to join this task force.

Thank you, Elisabeth, for this announcement.

Let’s now talk about Europe’s position. You mentioned earlier that Europe has the potential to strengthen its sovereignty in quantum. Do you think it is realistic for Europe to build a full quantum stack from materials and chips to systems and software? You mentioned IBM, a US-based company that is very active in superconducting technologies, which aligns closely with what you are doing.

So how do you see the possibility of Europe achieving a full quantum stack — full sovereignty? Do you believe it is achievable?

Pekka Pursula :

I do believe it is possible.

However, we must also consider where it makes sense to aim for complete sovereignty.

Quantum technologies are, fundamentally, part of the semiconductor industry. Chips are fabricated using semiconductor processes, tools, and materials. As we know, the semiconductor value chain is highly global. Fabrication often takes place in Asia, and many critical tools are produced outside Europe. So the real question is how broadly we define the value chain. In which areas does it make sense to build complete European capabilities, and in which areas does it make sense to rely on trusted partners?

I believe Europe can build a largely sovereign quantum value chain. It may not be entirely self-sufficient in every component, but it can be predominantly sovereign while relying on trusted international partners where appropriate.

Regis Hamelin :

Let’s move toward a conclusion. We still have a few minutes, so I will ask a series of quick questions. When we talk about technology platforms, we have seen several approaches, superconducting, neutral atoms, ion traps, photonic systems, semiconductor-based platforms.

Who will be the winner? Will there be one dominant platform that takes it all?

Pekka Pursula :

Of course, I have to answer that it will be superconducting. But to give a more serious answer: each platform has its advantages and disadvantages.

Semiconductor-based platforms are potentially the most scalable, because they rely largely on CMOS processes, which are already optimized for mass manufacturing, provided that the qubit technology and early steps prove successful. That said, I am not ready to declare a single winner.

I believe multiple platforms will coexist for a long time.

Regis Hamelin :

So we might see different platforms adapted to different use cases?

Pekka Pursula :

Yes, I think that is a completely feasible vision of the future.

Regis Hamelin :

So that would mean that software companies developing applications would almost need to choose the platform they are working with?

Pekka Pursula :

It depends on the application. Many algorithms can be ported from one platform to another, but not all. So it really depends on the use case.

Regis Hamelin :

All right. My final question looks five to ten years ahead. What does success look like for Europe in quantum?

Pekka Pursula :

Excellent question. In five years, success would mean achieving quantum advantage in several distinct but industrially relevant applications. It should also mean having a growing ecosystem supported by pilot lines and quantum design platform initiatives, in other words, genuinely growing the industry. In ten years, success would mean having globally leading quantum companies in Europe, whether in hardware, software, or applications. But the key point is that Europe would have globally leading companies in quantum.

Regis Hamelin :

Thank you. We have one final question from the audience. Is it possible for new companies to join an existing pilot line as a new partner? If so, how could that be arranged? The question comes from Simon He.

Pekka Pursula :

I would say that everything is possible, provided it makes sense. If a company has a strong case explaining why it needs to be inside the consortium, rather than acting as a collaborator or end user outside the consortium, then this can be discussed.

The process would begin by contacting the coordinator of the relevant pilot line and discussing the proposal.

Regis Hamelin :

How can people contact you? Are your contact details on the slide deck?

Pekka Pursula :

Yes, I believe they are on the slide deck.

Regis Hamelin :

The video will be available on our YouTube channel within the next few hours. If you did not have time to note Pekka’s contact details, you will be able to retrieve them from the recording.

Thank you very much for your time today. It was a very extensive discussion on quantum and Europe. I really enjoyed it — especially the enthusiasm and the positive energy around quantum, and the shared ambition to make Europe a leader in quantum technology. Thank you very much.

Pekka Pursula :

Thank you, Regis, for having me.

Regis Hamelin :

Our next session will take place next month. We are currently finalizing the programme. It will focus specifically on photonics. Please stay in touch and stay tuned. Thank you all, and see you next time. Goodbye.

Pekka Pursula :

Thank you. Goodbye.

Energy-Efficient AI: The Coming Breakthrough in Compute Acceleration

with Matthias Lohrman Co-Founder & CTO of SpiNNcloud Systems

Christian Reitberger expresses concerns about a potential future dominated by Nvidia, where all computing services are provided by a few major companies, creating a monopolized and homogenous landscape. He advocates for a more diverse and colorful world, where system integration incorporates various technologies and architectures.

George Ugras shares optimism, citing historical precedents where dominant market shares have been challenged by innovative newcomers.

“Régis Hamelin”

 Good afternoon, everyone.

I’m Regis Hamelin, CTO of Blumorpho, and welcome to the Chip Think Tank. The Chip Think Tank is a series of webinars brought to you by the aCCCess project, which provides insights and reflections on the semiconductor industry from European leaders.

I’m Regis Hamelin, CTO of Blumorpho. I will be your host today, and I have the pleasure of welcoming Mathias Laumann,
co‑founder and CTO of SpinCloud Systems. Good afternoon, Matthias. Thank you for being with us. 
If you missed previous sessions, they are now available on our YouTube channel. You can scan the QR code to access them.

This webinar is recorded and will be made available after the presentation on this channel. For reference, the aCCCess Consortium is

composed of seven partners. You can see the seven partners on the left.
Blumorpho, the company I’m from, is the coordinator. 
On the right, you have all the associated partners of this coordination and support action. This CSA aims at coordinating the network of European Chips Competence Centres. There are in total 30 Chips Competence Centres in Europe. They have been selected by the European Commission and the Chips Joint Undertaking.

We have two Competence Centres in Spain and two in Belgium. The Competence Centre is a hub of excellence where companies can access expertise, business support, training, and skills development. A recent example of what we did is the Chips Venture Forum, which took place in November in Munich. It was organised in partnership with the EIC and DG Connect. There were around 170 pre‑scheduled one‑to‑one matchmaking meetings between startups and investors, with a lot of interaction.

These pre‑meetings helped us select 18 startups out of 58 participants. We also hosted panels and high‑level
discussions. 
Our objective was to facilitate and strengthen relationships between corporates, investors, and startups.

We received very positive feedback from this event, and we are very proud of the results. Matthias, you participated in this event,

and we will talk about that in a moment. This webinar is an interactive

discussion. You can enter your questions in the chat. We already received some questions. We would like to know a little bit more

about who is in the room today. Are you a startup, an investor, a Chips Competence Centre, a large company, or something else?

This helps us better understand who is participating in our event.

Thank you very much for your feedback.

We see that about one third of the participants are from startups and SMEs, around 20% are investors, and we also
have Competence Centres, large companies, and other profiles represented.

Thank you again.

Matthias, you participated in the Chips Venture Forum and were identified as one of the most critical reviewers of the
technologies presented during the competition. S
o maybe to get to know you a bit better, could you explain your background and where you are coming from? 

“Matthias Lohrmann”

Thank you. I will switch to the presentation about SpinCloud and then talk more about the other topics.

This presentation is an excerpt of the one we had at the Chips Venture Forum last November.

At SpinCloud, we are bringing the next generation of AI inference to the market as a complete solution for our customers.

When we talk about a complete solution, it starts with hardware. Over the last years, hardware demand and throughput requirements have doubled, especially since the deep learning revolution. The speed and complexity of models are growing faster than what traditional semiconductor scaling can support.

Models are becoming more performant and capable of complex tasks, especially with large language models.

On one hand, we need large models for complex tasks. On the other hand, you often only need a fraction of the computation to get the best result.

Today, everything is driven by GPUs, both for training and inference. We see inference growing faster and faster.

For sparse models used in inference, there is a missing hardware link. This is where we come in with SpinnEx, our next‑generation silicon designed to revolutionise the execution of sparse models.

Our background as a company, and mine personally, comes from SpiNNaker 2. We already have a product on the market that has been shipped to European and American companies and research institutions for HPC workloads.

The core feature of SpiNNaker 2 is scalability. You can scale to very large systems and work on very large datasets. The system is sparse and inspired by brain‑like computation models.

With SpinnEx, we target large language models and foundational models, with a release planned for 2028. SpiNNaker 2 is already commercially available and helps customers grow their applications.

SpiNNaker 2 was designed with the University of Manchester and TU Dresden. Seventy thousand units were produced in the first batch. Last year, we generated around six million euros in revenue from this hardware product.

At TU Dresden, we have built the world’s largest brain‑inspired supercomputer, on which we deploy larger applications.

Our team includes experienced people from deep tech, scale‑ups, and corporates. The challenge is not only hardware or software, but also algorithms and execution.

We started in 2021 and are now around 65 experts, mainly in Dresden and Munich, but also in London, France, and New Zealand.

That is a brief overview of SpinCloud.

Thank you.

“Régis Hamelin”

My first question concerns the inception of the company. You were part of the scientific staff at TU Dresden. What was the moment when you decided to create a company?

“Matthias Lohrmann”

I would say it was longer than a moment.
I started 2015 and another startup and the founding team I supported them.
I switched to a corporate job working with Global Foundries than I was raised six years supporting international customers as a design consultant but I always was looking for what can I do different, where can I contribute, where can I push the boundaries and then in 2020 I had a very good conversation with Professor Meyer who is one of our founding fathers of the company and where I was then also later employed at the chair and we were for one year working on business case, but during really the holidays of 2020 to 2021, we came to a very clear view on where can we push something, where can we generate value for our customer.
And then two months later, basically, SpinnCloud was founded and the founding team was together. We started as four at the moment, operationally, and the company are two sector.

“Régis Hamelin”

And you showed us a range of products.
You showed us some chips, we saw also some balls and we saw also a supercomputer.
So which one is your product? Is it, are you currently testing the market or have you already chosen which one you want to sell?

“Matthias Lohrman”

That’s a good question.
The chip is basically the core component of our product.
The product we are selling is server nodes, It’s really something that is in a data center sitting next to your CPU server or GPU server to accelerate the computation, and the board is the unit in which you can scale up.
You can think of a single board as comparable to a state-of-the-art GPU, and with the number of these boards that you slide into our own notes, you scale the system capacity.
The maximum you can build with this technology is a 10 million compute core machine based those compute boards that you saw and one board has 7 ,000 cores the user can use.

“Régis Hamelin”

And you designed this whole supercomputer yourself ?

“Matthias Lohrmann”

So there were three of the main contributors but overall roughly 100 engineers were working on the design, but then there was also a lot of effort in how to make it available in the data center, how to integrate it with the network, onsite, cooling, and just need a lot of different expertise.
The benefit was that we had this network here, especially with the clusters we are in, with Manchester, with Dresden, but also colleagues in Munich and other places, and this made this overall possible at all.
But this is definitely one of the bigger challenges, especially because we started out university project we needed to have access to all of this know-how which is not a single university chair.

“Régis Hamelin”

 Sure and and you grow into the value chain making more and more value and maybe someone will purchase this demo this this can be this supercomputer is a kind of demonstration for you today but maybe it can become it could become a product and you could become a supercomputer or server supply.
Okay so when we were looking for the title of this webinar we were very quickly speaking about the evolution of the market and today we believe that in the discussion we had we believe that we are some kind of tipping point of the training and that the AI market is turning or in any case the AI market has to turn from training to inference because now we need to move to the production era.
So from your knowledge of the business what does support this kind of evolution at this stage?

“Matthias Lohrmann”

From a market side what we saw clearly was already some years ago a shift and the focus of the when was for training of AI models and only a fraction was for the real inference and this is now shifting more and more especially since we see these huge models with a few hundred billion of parameters that need this compute power and this is on the numeric side, a clear shift as inference market is growing, inference system market is growing tremendously but we see also a lot of traction with other companies and startups especially in the last week, So shortly before Christmas, an inference-only AI and cloud provider that had a very big deal was GROK, a license to NVIDIA that’s very close to a full sale.
And just recently Cerebras announced the partnership or the buying of hardware in larger quantities from OpenAI and Cerebras does training.
they also do inference and especially high speed inference for a chatbot application.

“Régis Hamelin”
In practice, since they have acquired the assets as well, this is the equivalent of a hybrid model, but the equivalent of an acquisition for $20 billion, which is a significant amount of money.
And indeed, Cerebras is also in the news.
And it happens at Cerebras, there are some connections between the founder of OpenAI and Cerebras, they are shareholders.
So we are still in this kind of circular, not economy, but circular financial model where people are placing orders to the others, we see the stock or the value increasing.
So that’s at the moment more financial than really business-driven.
Do you see really the evolution of inference more than these signs? Do you see really the applications taking off in AI?

“Matthias Lohrmann”

 We see this big use of large language models in the last year, and I think there’s lot of things ongoing right now in the industry. Where can I make use of it?
I give this new tool to the market and the end user has to find the application and establish it.
And there are complete flows where on the backside it’s running already in LLM.
Maybe it’s not advertised as AI enabled but it is not a value to the customer directly by using AI but the value that the tool based on an LLM provides.
So we do not see all of the applications but Everyone is aware, even as a developer, for example, to accelerate software development or to review documents, there are these applications, and they are quite big.
At the moment, we see also the number of data centers growing massively.
There’s also limitations in the speed, not only from the amount of hardware that can be installed, but also from other limitations like the electrical power being available.
This is a big sign that there is a high demand that enables also these new providers to gain a foot in the market.
Otherwise, the high-oscalers especially would dominate, but there is so much space for new players because of the steep growth we see today.

“Régis Hamelin”

 You were talking about AI infrastructure, so what is the bottom?
like you mentioned, energy, but when it comes to inference, is it the bottom exit performance, energy, cost, scalability as well?
Where do you need to put your value proposition?

“Matthias Lohrmann”

 For us at SpiNNcloud, it’s really the performance. We need more performant hardware.
This is something we can make use of from the models. The models already, they allow us to get more performance out of hardware, but I need to build a hardware with that in the back of my mind. If I build acceleration purely for dense models, I cannot make use of these especially large models that only 10 percent, 5 percent of the compute power, and this is where we come in.
This is where we can accelerate the computation, and we can also reduce the anti-energy bill.
But also, from a hardware perspective, the utilization goes up.
If I can live with a tenth of the compute power, I can get more out of it if you want.

“Régis Hamelin”

Of course and today, we are into what we call a GPU-centric model. It’s GPU everywhere for training and inference. So what do you think? Is it sustainable in long term for the workloads?
What’s your opinion on that?

“Matthias Lohrmann

We will see more differentiation. Large training models increasingly benefit from approaches such as mixture of experts, which is one of the most promising ways to introduce sparsity today. This sparsity is not yet reflected in current hardware, which creates room for complementary infrastructure. This is exactly how we position ourselves in the market.

“Regis Hamelin”
You mentioned dynamic sparsity. Is this really your key enabling technology? And when it comes to product development, how do you balance chip design and software? How important is software for your business?

“Matthias Lohrmann

It goes beyond a simple split. We have a very strong algorithmic team at SpinCloud. We take existing models and further sparsify them, which is a key part of our approach.

“Regis Hamelin”
Yes.

“Matthias Lohrmann

What you see here is the sparsity and granularity of today’s models. Very dense models run extremely well on GPUs, as they are designed for that. But there are also models with a very high level of sparsity, sometimes up to 90%, especially mixture-of-experts models, which can be made even more sparse.

This granularity determines how many experts are activated and how efficiently the model can be broken down. GPUs do not perform well in these scenarios. This is where our algorithmic team enables customers to further exploit sparsity.

Beyond algorithms, we have software teams mapping models to hardware, hardware teams designing the chips, and infrastructure teams building large-scale systems. These four groups together make it possible to run models with hundreds of billions of parameters efficiently in data centers.

“Regis Hamelin”
Do you see your technology as complementary to GPUs, or as an alternative for specific use cases?

“Matthias Lohrmann

We clearly see it as complementary. We do not address training and continue to rely on GPUs for retraining models. GPUs are also very efficient for dense inference.

Our value comes from large models with a high degree of sparsity, where we provide a different and complementary solution.

“Regis Hamelin”
Looking ahead, do you expect larger models or more specialized ones, for example for software development?

“Matthias Lohrmann

It mainly comes down to the number of parameters. Larger models are more capable, but they are also very expensive to run in inference.

What we do is take large models and specialize and sparsify them for specific applications. This reduces parameters and compute while preserving performance. This requires a distillation stage, which you can think of as a model compiler. This approach allows us to keep the capabilities of large models at a much lower cost.

“Regis Hamelin”
Is there a specific type of inference where SpinCloud outperforms others?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Large language models with very sparse mixture-of-experts architectures, where only a small fraction of experts is activated. Dynamic sparsity, which we already implemented in SpiNNaker 2, is a key strength in these use cases.

“Regis Hamelin”

So I make a pause here. I’ve seen that we have a question in the chatbot. So, it’s a question about the neuromorphic-based hardware. The question is, can it be used by private users as well? Is it possible to use neuromorphic computing for blockchain-based decentralized AI training? That’s very specific. The question is from Ilya Noshkov. Indeed, that is a specific question.

 “Matthias Lohrmann

At the moment, not. At the moment, we have only selected larger projects, but later this year, we will have opening spinnaker technology, the neuromorphic technology that we’re selling already to a wider audience. So Q3, Q4, we could talk here also about applications, yes. 

“Regis Hamelin”

 Okay. So that’s opening a new market, so more developer-oriented markets. So, while we were talking, there’s another question that came up. So, it’s from Mattia Samiello. Sparsity can be translated in algebraic sparsity. How does spin Hacker perform in terms of mathematical precisions, finite element simulation? That’s maybe talks more to you than me. 

“Matthias Lohrmann” 

Yes, this is a good question. There is a lot of activity actually around the FEM implementation and we will see more at the end of this quarter around this. But there are also a lot of interesting publications around a neuromorphic way to implement finite element methods. And with Spinnaker we have hardware today that is scalable to really go into ranges where an FEM simulation is required. So it’s not only about the small models, but we can provide the Spinnaker tools, really large models and run an FEM application on this hardware. 

“Regis Hamelin”

 One thing to add here is also the performance that comes, of course, out of it. It was in one of the slides that we had here, the immense speed up also compared to CPU solutions because of the sparse nature of neuromorphic hardware. Another question from Stevie Cordette, are you using only back propagation for the inference or an alternative approach? 

“Matthias Lohrmann

For the training of the models, we also use back propagation. And so the training algorithm for our Spindex inference systems is not touched, but the distillation pipeline touches parts of your model and adds a different cost model on top of it. But the back propagation is still the key. This is also why we can rely on GPU solutions that are available today.

 “Regis Hamelin”

And we have lots of questions. Thank you to the audience for sharing all these questions. Another question from Inessa Seifert. Inessa is an AI expert as well. How do you test your hardware? Is there a testing center with generic benchmarks? I guess this relates now to Spinnaker 2. 

“Matthias Lohrmann

 For Spinnaker 2, we work a lot with external partners to implement actually the applications and let them do the benchmarking and evaluation of the system. We help them, of course, in the implementation of the algorithms. For For example, especially neuromorphic applications, optimization solvers, the FEM, but also others. But here, there’s no single benchmark available yet. There was activities in the last two years around benchmarking such systems, but we haven’t seen yet this taking off as for MLPerf, for example, for AI applications, which is quite established.

 “Regis Hamelin”

Benchmarking, we talked about that. And while we were preparing this session, I received a question also from LinkedIn, someone who sent me a question for you, from Shekhar Hameen Singh Pardeshi, and he’s an automotive embedded software developer, and he was talking about the energy efficiency of AI. Do we have a community-established parameter to measure energy efficiency for an AI solution? So, and the next question, should these parameters be monitored or even regulated?

Matthias Lohrmann

Yes, this is a very important question. We think that this must be monitored. We really need to think about how do we make use of the energy for these applications. But especially regulation, for example, at this moment would be entering the further development of this field. But what we need is really to have a discussion around this. We need those benchmarks, and we need to compare, and this is something that the community has to also come up with. And it’s been one of the key features that also customers look at is the energy efficiency of the system. So there’s also a lot of pooling and enablement for our customers to do this on their own. 

 “Regis Hamelin”

Sorry. Well, what struck me when I saw your presentation is a 78X. It’s very precise. You don’t say 70 or 80 or roughly 90. You say 78. So, how do you came up with that number? So, which benchmark did you use? For this BINX benchmark, we use a llama model. and 70 billion parameter Lama2 admittedly here. And we compared it to a GPU implementation. This is also where the exact number is coming from.  Another question this time from Laurent Dugojon where the question is coming more from the hardware. Which silicon node and which foundry are you working on? 

“Matthias Lohrmann”

So for Spinnaker 2, it is public knowledge that it’s for a 22 FTX Global Foundry’s technology where we implement it and where we also produce the chips. The next generation, it will be a more advanced node, especially moving to higher speeds and Also, the memory wall that we are also facing, even with sparsity, this is also not a secret to go into detail, to go into that detail. But the memory wall is also affecting us.

 “Regis Hamelin”

So coming back to benchmarks, a question from Inessa Seifert: “On the community for benchmarking. How is the testing organized? Is there any specific organization which is in charge of these benchmarks?”

 “Matthias Lohrmann

About these benchmarks, I assume now it’s the MLPerth benchmarks, and there’s a community behind this. It’s driven by the large providers of hardware in the field, and they define the benchmark and everyone can contribute. So a lot of players also publish in this MLPerth leaderboard, and that is driven by the community. 

 “Regis Hamelin”

Very good, the next question we had was about the apex of AI for inference, because actually the training is a one-time cost, but in the long term, inference will be the cost of AI. So, when it comes to your customers, do they have – are they aware of that first? Do they consider the OPEX as a criteria for purchase? And so, what is – when you are facing competitors, are you compared with regard to the raw performance or to all the efficiency? We’re talking about energy efficiency and benchmark. That’s why it’s important. the system architecture, so it’s more kind of scalability, I would say, or the total cost of an hardship. So what is really, I would say, the number one concern of your customers when they start talking to you? 

 “Matthias Lohrmann

 The number one concern, I would say, is really the performance of a system that you get out. But they also knock out criteria. So if you cannot integrate into a data center, if you make this explicitly hard for a provider, It can also, let’s say, move back from this deal. The other thing is also with the power budget that is available because the data centers cannot scale as fast as they want, one limiting factor is energy. And then, of course, the question is how much electrical energy do you need? And on top of that is the question of cooling. Cooling gets more and more complex because the heat density grows and not every customer wants to go with liquid cooling, for example, and then this also becomes part of the discussion what can we do around it. And suddenly it’s more than just the hardware. It’s the overall solution to a customer that they look for. But of course the main metric that we are measured on is the tokens per second.

 “Regis Hamelin”

 Interesting. 

You said that the client has kind of an energy budget and cannot go beyond a certain level of energy. So, when we are reading the news, we have the impression that it’s working the other way around. We have the data center. We need to make it work, and we will take whatever amount of energy we need to make it work. And you seem to say that it’s working the other way around.

 “Matthias Lohrmann

 Yes, there is a lot of activities around how do we make enough electrical energy available. Also, in the future, with renewable energies, there will be enough energy available. But what we have today in terms of grid, how do we distribute electrical power, how do we generate electrical power, this is one of the limiting factors for the growth of data centers today. Besides the fact that hardware is also not available in the numbers that are required. 

 “Regis Hamelin”

 So can we face a situation where data center cannot supply the computing power that they It is available in the hardware, but they don’t have the power to make it run, is it possible? 

 “Matthias Lohrmann

Actually, yes. With the demand, we see a growth and the demand of AI hardware, and if we would extrapolate from where we are today, by 20, 40, 100 percent of the electrical power would be going into the data center. This is not a realistic future. That doesn’t make sense. It will not happen. For anyone listening who could be a little bit concerned, it will not happen. 

 “Regis Hamelin”

We have more questions from the audience. One is on software. Do you have plans to open source some models and where to collaborate and how to get hardware access? So it’s typically an that we needed to test for a use case, for example. So for Spinnaker 2, as the product is already available, you can give me a message or one of my colleagues, especially from product side or sales side to get access to Spinnaker 2 hardware. Or the future, sorry, what was the second part of the question? The question was more about, do you have open source models?

“Matthias Lohrmann

All right, thank you. Yes, this is definitely part of our future releases. At the moment, we have not released the models open source, but we want to enable our customers to work with the hardware and part of using the hardware is providing the models and we don’t want to charge our customers for using the models we provide to them so they will go open source.

“Regis Hamelin”

And another question from Laurent Dubujon, what about your specific software plan offer?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Software for us is a tool to enable our customer, and the software should be as open and transparent also as possible to our users. So there’s on the one side the distillation pipeline for Spindex that will be provided to our customers. They can compile the existing model and map it into our hardware. They will get a model in and a model out. And then the whole deck for deploying the model on the hardware business will also be released. For Spinnaker 2, we are also at the moment in the preparation for a major release of the software so everyone can plug in and have also the maximum of ownership of what they have. It’s not only the hardware. It’s also the software that they can change it, look inside, adjust it to needs if necessary as part of what we see for the craft community.

“Regis Hamelin”

 So let’s talk a little bit more about what it is today to be a European Fabless Startup. This is something that we have talked about during this CHIPS Venture Forum because one of the big ambition of this kind of forums is to support the startups to get their next round of funding to help them scale. And scaling large companies is something which is a little bit more difficult in Europe. So what is it like to be based in Europe? What does that enable? Where is it more difficult? Where is it easier than your competition elsewhere in the world?

“Matthias Lohrmann

One of the biggest strengths we see as a European fabless startup is the depth of the talent pool available in Europe. Most of our colleagues are distributed rather than all being based in Dresden. We have team members in France, in the UK, and we have also relocated several colleagues from other countries, for example Italy, to our main office here.

This is where Europe really has a strong advantage: access to highly skilled talent, a very solid academic system, and a strong mobility of people. Developers and managers are willing to move, and many experienced professionals return to Europe after working elsewhere in the world, bringing back valuable know-how from earlier stages of their careers. Having access to this talent pool is a major asset for us.

Another important aspect is the ecosystem of initiatives available at different levels. We benefit from regional initiatives, national programs, and European-level initiatives. For a semiconductor startup, European initiatives are particularly important because of the scale of investment, the expertise involved, and the teams that need to be brought together.

This landscape has evolved significantly over the past few years and has become much stronger. We started to see this momentum around 2021, and even before that we were already closely following these developments. Today, this is the ecosystem we operate in and actively contribute to. In particular, the support from the EIC, through both the Transition and Accelerator grants, has been instrumental in helping us scale.

In the first project, we developed a substantial amount of software together with experts from across Europe. In the second phase, we are now working on SpinnEx with continued support.

“Regis Hamelin”
Excellent. You mentioned something very interesting earlier. You said that you managed to attract people coming from outside Europe to work in Europe. Would you say that Europe has a real attractiveness when it comes to talent?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Definitely, yes. One important factor for us was the network effect that emerged once the company was officially registered in Germany. We see ourselves as a European company, and Germans are actually a minority within the team.

What we noticed is that when we entered a local network, for example in Northern Italy, our visibility increased very quickly through these existing ecosystems. Tunisia is another good example for us, with a very strong pool of talented people.

As soon as there is awareness of what you are doing, it becomes much easier to attract talent. This was a key learning for us as a startup: communicating what you build is not only important for customers, but also for future team members. This clearly gives you an advantage when it comes to hiring.

“Regis Hamelin”
There is a question in the chat about how you organized such a distributed team, for example with people based in Italy. What were the main steps and milestones in setting up this organization?

“Matthias Lohrmann

We actually started during COVID, which forced us to learn very quickly how to work fully remotely. As the team grew, some of our earliest colleagues were already based in Munich, so we always had to find ways to make this setup work.

One key element is over-communication. We probably communicate more than we would in a fully office-based environment, but this helps ensure that information is not lost. We also organize regular on-site events, where colleagues from different locations come together in Munich or Dresden.

During these workshop weeks, we focus on a specific topic, work very closely together, reach the next milestone, and then everyone leaves aligned on priorities and next steps. Communication is essential, and the second important aspect is actively building and sharing a common company culture.

“Regis Hamelin”
Do you sometimes feel that people are far away, or do you still feel close to your teams? Is it mainly a question of perception?

“Matthias Lohrmann

I would say we feel close. One reason is that we have established hybrid meetings as a standard. People do not need to be physically in the same room to be fully involved. Everyone is always included, everyone can join discussions, and the setup is very open. This really helps reduce the feeling of distance.

“Regis Hamelin”
That also helps since the time difference is minimal, usually around one hour. Coming back to being a fabless company in Europe, sovereignty is a topic often raised by the European Commission. How important is sovereignty for you, both in terms of suppliers and foundries, and how important is it for your customers?

“Matthias Lohrmann

On our side, we have put a strong focus on building a supply chain that is largely based in Europe. For example, our PCBs and compute boards are fabricated in Europe. We use the 22FDX technology, and we also have semiconductor fabrication in Dresden, where our offices are located.

The teams we work with for design enablement, mechanical engineering, and thermal engineering are also based in Europe. Having control over our supply chain and understanding how it operates was very important to us.

For our customers, sovereignty is an important factor as well, but it is not the only one. Performance still has to be there. European startups can clearly contribute on both fronts: technological performance and sovereignty.

“Regis Hamelin”
Okay, very good. Our friend Shekhar, who already asked a question via LinkedIn, has another very interesting one. Thank you for joining today. His question is about how you plan to organize workshops to collaborate with other startups with the goal of co-creating solutions.

“Matthias Lohrmann

This is usually handled on a case-by-case basis. Our typical approach is to start from a concrete use case, most often around SpiNNaker 2. We then evaluate whether we can genuinely help a customer address a specific problem.

If that is the case, we look for the right framework to move forward: it can be a joint project, a collaborative research call, or sometimes a more exploratory product development. As a startup, you are always looking for use cases that allow your solution to deliver the most value.

The business case or the underlying application is therefore critical. Having an idea alone is not sufficient; you need enough context and substance behind it to decide how to proceed.

In addition, there are already many established frameworks in the field of neuromorphic computing. When companies already work within these frameworks, migrating to SpiNNaker is relatively straightforward and requires limited support from our side. The more customized the use case becomes, the more closely we need to work together to assess whether it makes sense and can be implemented effectively.

“Regis Hamelin”
As you know, aCCCess is a network of Chips Competence Centres, but we also aim to facilitate access to other tools, such as pilot lines and design platforms. How important are these tools for you? Are you actively using or considering them?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Yes, absolutely. Working with chip enablement teams is very important for us. When developing a chip, you need access to different design and development teams associated with the design platforms.

What really matters is having access to the right expertise at the right stage of development. As a startup, you need many different skills, but not all of them at the same time. Sometimes what you need is a fractional expert, and this is exactly what these platforms can provide.

Chip design also comes with a significant overhead. Questions around compute power, data access, and infrastructure need to be addressed, but as a startup you do not want to focus on these aspects too early. These platforms allow you to concentrate on your core design work while still having access to the necessary tools and support.

There are also additional funding and support opportunities associated with these platforms. The CHIPS Venture Forum is a good example, as it brings together startups, investors, and decision-makers to exchange, collaborate, and better understand each other’s challenges. From our perspective, this makes the platform extremely valuable.

“Regis Hamelin”
Very clear. Looking ahead, where do you see SpinCloud in three to five years?

“Matthias Lohrmann

We see ourselves as a key driver of the sparse AI inference revolution. This is clearly the direction we are taking.

“Regis Hamelin”
And commercially speaking, how big are you today, and how do you expect the company to grow?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Last year, we generated around six million euros in revenue. We aim to double that this year. Looking further ahead, with SpinnEx around 2028, we expect a significant increase. Even a market share of five percent would already represent several hundred million euros, potentially up to one billion, in the sparse AI inference market.

“Regis Hamelin”
If you had a magic wand and could make a wish within the framework of the Chips Act, what kind of support would you expect from the European ecosystem to help you reach your objectives over the next three to five years?

“Matthias Lohrmann

I would say stronger connections between the different platforms that startups like us are part of. Better visibility and access to relevant groups across HPC, chip design, startup incubation, and related opportunities would make a real difference. Many opportunities exist, but they are not always easy to identify or access.

“Regis Hamelin”
That makes sense. The network of Chips Competence Centres was partly inspired by what EuroHPC has built. Once this network reaches a more stable phase, after the current period of rapid growth, it should be easier to create bridges with other initiatives and facilitate access for companies like yours.

One final question: if you could go back to 2020 and give yourself one piece of advice, what would it be?

“Matthias Lohrmann

I would advise myself to spend more time engaging with the market, especially as a technical founder. Talking to potential customers early is essential. It is less about extracting the last percentage point of performance and more about addressing real customer needs, particularly in the early funding stages.

“Regis Hamelin”
So even before having a finished product, your advice would be to go and talk to customers, even with just a PowerPoint?

“Matthias Lohrmann

Exactly. You may already have a clear vision of what your product can and cannot do, but once you truly understand what your customers want, development becomes much more efficient and you avoid many unnecessary iterations.

“Regis Hamelin”
Very good. We are now reaching the end of this interview. Thank you very much, Matthias, and thanks as well to the team behind the CHIPS Venture Forum 2025. Thank you to the audience for your strong participation and all your questions.

If people would like to contact you, what is the best way to do so?

“Matthias Lohrmann

LinkedIn is the easiest option. My email address is also available on the last slide of the presentation.

“Regis Hamelin”
Thank you. This webinar was recorded and will be available as a replay in the coming days. If you would like to contact Matthias, his email address is shown on the slide.

Thank you again for joining us today. It was a pleasure having you with us. The next session will take place at the end of February, and the topic is currently being discussed.

Jolt Capital Analysis & Vision for the European Semiconductor Industry

with Jean Schmitt, President and Managing Partner of Jolt Capital

Christian Reitberger expresses concerns about a potential future dominated by Nvidia, where all computing services are provided by a few major companies, creating a monopolized and homogenous landscape. He advocates for a more diverse and colorful world, where system integration incorporates various technologies and architectures.

George Ugras shares optimism, citing historical precedents where dominant market shares have been challenged by innovative newcomers.

[Régis Hamelin]

Jean, before we go through your analysis of the semiconductor industry, can you introduce us to Jolt Capital in a few words?

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, of course. Thank you everybody for being there and listening at that conference. I hope it’s going to be interactive. In a nutshell, I created Jolt 15 years ago and the idea hasn’t changed since then. The whole idea is to fund companies which are growth stage technology companies in Europe. So our main objective is to find those companies which are 10 to 15 million euros in revenue. EBITDA is another debate, but it can be negative, of course, because at that size anyway, EBITDA doesn’t matter so much, but we are looking at those mid-sized companies and to fund their growth, so taking them from, you know, 15, 20 million to 100 million. So we are currently deploying around 150 to 200 million a year. Our upcoming fund, which is going to be invested, we are going to start investing that fund in the end of 2025, is close to a billion euro fund. And so we have sizable amounts of money to invest in deep tech companies. And within that spectrum, semiconductor represents the largest portion of the money. So we do invest in medical device and AI. We do invest in materials which are not always semiconductor materials. We do invest in technical software which are not always technical semiconductor software, we invest in mobility and energy management but semiconductor represents anywhere between 30 to 40 percent of that money. In our previous funds it was the same proportion and we always had been bullish about semiconductor in Europe because there is a lot to do here because we never lost any money on semiconductor so we like it a lot. We always made money there and I think there is a kind of way to invest which works. So we are a team of 42 people. Again, we manage around one and a half billion. We are entirely focused on Europe. We have businesses, we have offices all over the world. We have people in the Bay Area, in Boston, in Montreal, in Seoul, in Tokyo, in Singapore and across in Europe as well to support our companies and support their growth.

[Régis Hamelin]

Yes in Semiconductor are you looking at more specifically Fabless companies, Photonics or equipment or design or anything works?

[Jean Schmitt]

We are in Europe so we need to go where we can operate successfully. So we are quite excited about IP companies which are licensing IP. We like a lot, and we can talk about that later, capital equipment. This is actually a business we keep liking if there is significant IP and a thoughtful strategy. Photonics of course, because photonics is in a way the semiconductor of the poor, it’s a little bit less expensive to have a fab in photonics than a two nanometers fab. Fabless, we are careful on fabless because we don’t like this dependency on two nanometers fab and spending a billion to do a new AI chip is dangerous when you don’t own the fab and when you’re not co-located with the fab.

[Régis Hamelin]

Okay, co-location is very important, that’s because of the geopolitical tension, right?

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, and you mentioned a key word which was “pilot”. With your network across Europe, those pilot lines are critical. If you don’t see a pilot line or if we cannot establish ourselves a pilot line, there is no way to be here having an R&D center in Europe and believing that the other guys will be stupid enough to just do the manufacturing.

[Régis Hamelin]

So, and can you mention a few companies that were some success that you said that made only money, so you must have great track records? Can you give us a few examples of successful companies you have invested in?

[Jean Schmitt]

Of course, so briefly, recently, we sold the company UnitySC, which was a metrology and inspection tool company. So we were inspecting all sorts of things. What was innovative in the company was a sensor and a software. And this fusion sensor we put together and the software were great. All that was packaged in a machine, which was, of course, a big, big robotized machine. It was a million dollars a unit, roughly, and we started selling that like everybody, initially as a pilot tool, R&D tools, and then we went into lines, and then we went into full production, controlling, for example, any single NVIDIA chip at CSMC. So we sold quite a bit of machines. It was an interesting venture. The technology was very innovative. The capabilities of the company were really miserable. So we had to acquire a company with serious capabilities in Germany, another one in France, which gave us these clean homes, the processes to build the proper machines, build a partnership with a good subcontractor in the Netherlands to do the final assembly and the quality control, and all that together formed an ecosystem for that company, which was meaningful and allowed us to sell the company, by the way, to a European player, because we sold the company to Merck, which is a big pharma, but also a significant player in the semi-space. I can give you another example, which is fun, which is a company called Heptagon. And that’s a company which was, it’s a perfect exercise in strategy. Those guys were selling optical elements, which then were packaged with some semiconductor sensors in order to do optical modules for iPhones or for cell phones. And at a point when we invested, we said, guys, we need to stop that. We need to not be providing our great optics to people packaging us, but you are going to become an advanced packaging company. And we started to build some very advanced packaging, especially things like the facial recognition of the iPhone, which is a very complex package. It’s a big cell going through a diffractive element with a lens and a CMOS sensor, all that in a teeny, teeny package, which of course doesn’t have any crosstalk if possible, and which is very safe because you don’t want to beam a laser beam into the eyes of your customers. Turning your customers blind is not good for business. So we produced those for the iPhones, and that was a multi-billion contract. That company went from 100 people when we invested to 10,000 people when we sold the company and it scaled quite a bit. That was also a very good deal for us. But you have many others. I’m not going to talk about any of them.

[Régis Hamelin]

You mentioned capital equipment and also advanced packaging. We’ll see later in your slides that those specific two are especially maybe less invested, but the important point is that you mentioned advanced packaging, but it’s not a company which is centered or centric on advanced packaging, it’s more a kind of verticalization of the company with advanced packaging broad value.

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, building a generic company in advanced packaging is very exciting but much more complicated, expensive, and one vertical application looks like nothing, but the factory itself was a $400 million factory. So it was not cheap to put that thing together. Of course, we were doing much more than facial recognition. We were doing all sorts of infrared sensors and the presence sensors and colorimetry sensors and so on. But that said, you’re absolutely right. It’s a verticalized packaging company we had.

[Régis Hamelin]

Okay, so thank you very much for this first insight. So we’re going to talk a little bit about your process in investment because you have an internal process which is powered by a specific tool that you have developed in-house. So can you tell us a little bit more about this tool?

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, I think it’s going to be helpful for everybody to understand where the data I’m going to talk about and comment on is coming from. At the very beginning when we came and explained we are going to invest in late-stage deep tech companies across Europe, people were laughing at us telling there are not enough, the market does not exist. So we designed this tool which is called Ninja and Ninja is collecting data from the internet and trying to detect companies. So today the platform became very large and Ninja is discovering one new company every single minute. And during that minute, this same minute we are updating around a thousand business plans or business cases. So it became a very large database. It’s a large graph describing business, including patents, people, relationship between companies, funding, activities, whatever you name it, all over the world. So today we have 5 million technology companies in our database. This is actually the largest database in the world. We don’t sell it, but we use it for finding deals, for doing M&A, combination of companies, build-ups and so on. And of course, we added all sorts of AI gimmicks in it, virtual analysts. We don’t have many juniors in Jolt because this platform does the job. But also, since we have a lot of data, we can now comment on the size of the markets and how to target the quality of IP and so on. And this is what you’re going to talk about. We are organizing our own strategy on Ninja, but many others as well. So you would have Temasek in Singapore, you would have people like EIC in Europe or the government or many other funds are using Ninja today. We are not jealous of this data. I don’t believe in data you keep for yourself and you just use it for your own little business. I’m a strong believer in the network effect and of sharing that data in order to form a community of investors. I think we have 25 funds across Europe using it today. By the end of 2026 we would have a hundred funds. And I think it’s good for everybody, investors, entrepreneurs, everybody will benefit of having a more transparent market.

[Régis Hamelin]

So for our audience, from now on, the slides that I’m going to share are coming from an internal study from Jolt Capital. The first stop will be an analysis you did on the global semiconductor investments, can you elaborate and explain what we are currently seeing, because we see a huge investment leap from 2020 to 2021, yes.

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, what you are looking at here is the investment, so is the venture capital and growth investment in semiconductor and here it’s a graph which is worldwide so you see that there is an uptick of investment starting in 2020 and AI is a part of that investment but not only and the VC and growth investment had been quite sustained during the last few years so this is boosting innovation, this is boosting the number of companies we will see that later. You also see on the middle graph, you see the evolution of the share between the different regions in the world of that money. So Asia is capturing a bigger and bigger share. Europe is very modest and the US is capturing a lower share. And you will see that over and over. Asia is taking over in terms of semiconductor now, in terms of money, and you will see in other domains, Europe is, I would say, supporting its own industry, but not developing it. So, we are mediocre, but at least we keep as medium-sized as we are, so we don’t shrink, which is a performance, because the US is shrinking significantly, as you can see that. So we talk about very large amounts of money. We will talk also about the reason why Europe is not developing. There is a very simple reason why, but today we keep operating nevertheless, so we are not in a desperate point. We don’t develop our business as we should.

[Régis Hamelin]

But it’s 25 percent of the deals in volume. The number of deals, one quarter of all the deals are made in Europe, but for only 10 percent of the money. So it means that the size of the rounds are smaller, right?

[Jean Schmitt]

So the size of the rounds are smaller if we compare ourselves with the US in terms of number of deals, and it’s true for Semi, it’s true also for any other domain. You would see that Europe did catch up in venture capital in a number of deals, and if you divide the amounts of money by GDP, Europe and the US are doing similar efforts now in venture capital. Of course, in absolute dollars, the GDP of the US being much higher now than ours, they are spending more dollars. On the other hand, US is much more expensive as well. So I think dividing by GDP is kind of creating a better comparison. So in venture capital, we are kind of comparable in terms of efforts. Where we have an issue is on gross capital, but we will cover that later. But yes, we do a lot of deals, you’re right. And we are creating a lot of companies. What do we do then is the question.

[Régis Hamelin]

Then the next topic is for the European semiconductor investment universe. You did a study on 3000 companies which are mentioning AI, right?

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, exactly. AI is currently the buzzword for many applications, particularly in the B2C sector, but for the semiconductor community, it’s a critical concern that offers enormous opportunities. These opportunities are everywhere: in lower geometries, power management, and in creating chips that are hundreds or even thousands of times less power hungry than current technologies. These are truly game-changing semiconductor chips. This makes AI integration critical across all segments, including capital equipment, IP, power management, the chips themselves, and Fabless design. However, when we analyze where people are actually discussing AI, the data is a little disappointing, especially in terms of marketing and positioning. The mention rate is quite low across the board. For materials, manufacturers, and backend, the low percentage isn’t surprising. But in capital equipment, as geometries shrink, new tools are essential. We’ve seen companies like Near Field raise significant money, and anything sub-2 nanometers must mention AI to justify its existence. Capital equipment vendors are increasingly integrating AI, not just for tool development, but also for their own internal capabilities, as we expect more innovation using AI within the fabs. Today’s fabs consist of many disconnected silos. To achieve better results, these must be connected, with AI placed on top to manage the entire process. While capital equipment isn’t perfectly interconnected yet, we see a growing trend in Design and Fabless, and a correlated trend in EDA. Still, at only 12 to 14 percent, the adoption in marketing is very low. I would certainly expect more AI-focused marketing from startups, but that doesn’t seem to be the case. So, is this enough? Should we be seeing more? We also need to consider the potential for an AI bubble coming.

[Jean Schmitt]

Between you and me, I think European semiconductor companies are terrible at marketing. They aren’t using the right buzzwords as they should be. When I see a company developing capital equipment for metrology or inspection, and they don’t talk about AI? Give me a break.

Sometimes I see companies using old terminology. I’m an AI guy; I had to hide when I was young because, in the 90s, you couldn’t mention AI, it was a bad word. So you talked about statistics or data mining instead. Now is prime time for AI. Not using these buzzwords is directly decreasing a company’s valuation and making it less attractive. Companies need to think carefully about how to promote what they do, build their case, and even publish scientific papers explaining how AI boosts their technology. They don’t have to claim they are an AI company, but they must showcase how they use and implement AI.

The AI bubble we’re currently witnessing is largely driven by consumer usage and adoption (B2C). AI is here and is evolving. Are Large Language Models (LLMs) going to take over the world? Absolutely not. But are they a great milestone as foundational models? Absolutely yes.

Now, we could argue whether a company like OpenAI, which loses $2 billion per month, is a great company. Of course, the semiconductor industry thanks them for the business, but they’re still losing $2 billion a month. This suggests the bubble might burst on the B2C side. However, in the B2B space, it’s not a bubble; it’s a solid trend. If there is a valuation uptick right now, let’s just enjoy it. The key is to split our focus between B2C and B2B.

[Régis Hamelin]

So I suggest we move on now with the next stop with how fast companies are raising funds according first from the date of inception and from their geolocation, where they are located.

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, it looks complicated, but it’s very simple. Here the idea is that we took all the companies and we said, how much money do they raise year one, year two, year three, year four? And we put different curves which are showing what happened to them depending on their date of birth. So you see the solid curve in blue, which is the 2022 vintage. So the companies which were born in 2022, and you see their investment trends. So that’s the latest one. You see that in the US, you have the other two curves which are starting in the same way. So in year one, year two, they raised 20 million very fast, and then the 2022 cohort raised much more after year three because the AI bubble is pushing them up. But all in all, if you compare Europe and if you compare the US, year after year, you have the same message. The US companies are raising much more money, much faster than the European guys. We don’t want to drive too quick conclusions, but I will comment on that. But what you see is that after year four, in average in the US, the guys raised around 60 million, while the European, in average, went to 20. So we are in a tough spot. Let’s not drive too quick conclusions here. Having tons of money is good, but let’s not forget that our U.S. companies waste a lot of money as well. They pay people three times the salaries and so it’s not always well invested money. So not everything is related to money. That said, it is very clear that on year four or year five, we didn’t put year five because it gets off-charts almost at a point. But what is surprising here is that growth capital in the US is pushing a lot on semiconductor, while you see that gross capital in Europe does not intervene before year seven and year eight. And actually, we see that as a result, many of the companies which we look at are seven, 10, 20 years old sometimes. So it took a while for them to get to a reasonable level of revenue, while in the US it goes much faster. So capital in the US-

[Régis Hamelin]

Is it because they are local?

[Jean Schmitt]

I think that the corporates are much better corporate citizens. So, you know, in Europe, our corporates are not desperate, but they are focusing on themselves. So the STMicro, the Infineon, the NXP are around, they do work with their ecosystem, but not that much. While, when you are in the US and you are next to the TI’s, the Intel’s and so on of the world, they are investing massive amounts and they are co-investing massively, not to mention things like DARPA and so on, which are pushing companies to grow much faster. So not to put pressure on corporates, DARPA here, we didn’t put the contribution of DARPA in those graphs, but it is very significant. In Europe, we give grants. DARPA is not giving grants. DARPA is giving contracts. So you get real revenue out of those contracts. And that’s a game changer for companies. They learn how to use that money to achieve something as a supplier, not as a grant to do research. So those differences are very much in those numbers. Would I see companies doing 20 million based on research contracts and so on as an investor? I would consider that as true revenue, not as grants. So it’s a different animal they are forming, thanks to their own way of organizing their business. Europe is underfunded, really, yes.

[Régis Hamelin]

So four more years for a European startup to reach roughly the same level as a US company. Yes, and you see that the AI bubble did hit the US semiconductor sector because the increase of amounts invested grew quite a lot in 2024-25, while in Europe the AI bubbles did not hit funding. Right, that’s true. Yes. All right. So there’s now a concept that you call the hidden universe. So can you elaborate about what is this hidden universe and is it worth of investment?

[Jean Schmitt]

Yes, it’s the idea. We are cold-blooded investors. So my job is to invest at a great price in companies and sell them at a much higher price. So when I look at the market, the one thing nobody likes is competition. So there is a place in Europe, which is what we call the hidden universe, which is like our Shangri-La. It’s the place where no VC, no private equity ever invested. So you have plenty of companies in Europe which made it without any private equity money. Those are the best ones. Those are the most interesting ones, because those are the guys who could survive probably doing uninteresting deals in order to fund some interesting technology or they find ways. And those are great survivors. So, per domain, if you look at the little graph on the right, per domain, you see that 55% of the AI-related companies are funded. So 45 are not. When you go on devices, 48. Manufacturers, 44. Design and Fabless, 44. which are backed by VC. So already here you have a gigantic universe of companies which are doing design and fabless which are not funded and if you go down you will see that semiconductor materials are less funded. When you go to EDA, almost nobody, 36% of the companies only are funded and when you go to capital equipment as you mentioned it before, 29% of the companies on capital equipment backend are funded by VC. So in other words, if you are a capital equipment company, you had better count on yourself because there is little money available. For us as investors, I like a lot those graphs because it tells me where I should go to find companies which are good at surviving and navigating turbulent waters. If I’m a capital equipment company, I put a little bit of AI in it and I survive for seven or eight years, I can look at Jolt’s door. Absolutely. In fact, if you come to me with significant IP, so good patents, a set of families and a decent business, so if you want the recipe to be loved as a capital equipment company, the recipe is the following. You have 20 families of patents, you do 12 million, you have a niche product and your niche product is starting to get into production and is already out of R&D. So, of course, if you sell one machine to IMech, one machine to Astar, one machine to Letty, you’re not yet in business. You’re just a potential business. If you sell two or three R&D machines at large fabs, it’s still R&D machines. We know what it is. You’re going to lose money forever doing customs. What you want is someone telling you, hey, I’m going to buy four of those machines, even if it’s a small production, then we love you. You’re in business. Then we are going to take great care of you because we believe there is something to scale. And the other recipe is that don’t try to kill the big guys. You kill nobody. In the semiconductor world, but here in front of a lot of people who know this sector much better than I, you kill nobody. You disrupt nobody. So the reason why actually we like semiconductor as well, you contribute. So your job here is not to go to Lam and tell Lam, I’m going to kill you. That’s going to make them laugh a little bit. It’s like Lam, you know, you don’t look at that…

What's the Chips Venture Forum ?

With Regis Hamelin CTO of Blumorpho and coordinator of the aCCCess Project and Radia Lahlou, Innovation Manager at Blumorpho

Christian Reitberger expresses concerns about a potential future dominated by Nvidia, where all computing services are provided by a few major companies, creating a monopolized and homogenous landscape. He advocates for a more diverse and colorful world, where system integration incorporates various technologies and architectures.

George Ugras shares optimism, citing historical precedents where dominant market shares have been challenged by innovative newcomers.

Régis :
Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us this afternoon to talk a little bit about the CHIPS Venture Forum.

Today, the objective of this interactive session is to share more, of course, about the initiative itself, what is the process for you to apply, and we will answer all your questions, collect your feedback, and maybe address some specific requests.

This session is recorded, it will be made available on the ACCESS YouTube channel, and the slides will be distributed to attendees.

So I’m Régis Hamelin, I’m the CTO of BLUMORPHO, and I’m the coordinator of the ACCCESS Coordination and Support Action.

This afternoon with me, I have my colleague, Radia.


Radia :
Hi, hello everyone, happy to have you all.

Quick word about myself too, I’m Radia, Innovation Manager at BLUMORPHO, and I work alongside Régis on the ACCESS project.

I’ll be your main point of contact. Please don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions, you’ll find my contact details at the end of this webinar.

Before we dive in, just a quick reminder: you’re in an interactive webinar, so feel free to use the little Q&A box to ask your questions along the way. Don’t be shy, ask your hard questions and put our expertise to the test.

And just to show you how interactive we really are, we’d love for you to start by answering a quick poll.


Régis :
Yes, so I’m launching the poll. The question is very simple: are you a startup, scale-up, a cluster, a Competence Centre, a large corporate, or something else? Something else, maybe you don’t fit into any of these categories.

It’s important for us to understand who is in the room.

And we see that for the moment, nearly 75% of the people in the room are startups and scale-ups. So thank you very much for your participation.

Let’s get into it now. Let’s talk about the CHIPS Forum. What we discuss today takes place in the context of the European CHIPS Act.

As you all know, the European CHIPS Act is Europe’s strategic response to the global semiconductor challenge.

It has many objectives, but mostly, it aims at sovereignty and reinforcing a resilient and sustainable value chain.

This is why the ACCESS CSA, in partnership with the EIC and the European Commission  and more specifically with DG CONNECT is bringing you this opportunity to meet with investors and corporates.

The objective of DG CONNECT for this initiative is to unlock access to financing beyond Series A.

And for the EIC, it’s also about supporting the EIC portfolio to get access to strategic and financial partners.

We’re going to talk a lot about venture capital investors, but this is not the only purpose of this forum it’s also an opportunity for you to meet with potential clients and large corporates.

Maybe a few words about the Competence Centres.

The Competence Centres are one of the pillars of DG CONNECT’s strategy, in the establishment of a European network. You have one Competence Centre in each Member State.

It’s actually a national innovation hotspot. They have a strategic role.

They serve as a link between advanced research and industrial deployment.

They are designed to accelerate semiconductor development by bringing together researchers and businesses.

The Competence Centres will focus first on small and medium-sized enterprises, and startups are obviously part of that.

There will also be technical support. 


What are the services?

You will have technical support, technology transfer… the objective is also to facilitate access to pilot lines, design platforms, and entry.


What is this network?

You will see on this map that you have up to 30 Competence Centres in total.

You can maybe find your country and your Competence Centre.

If you don’t know who is in charge of your Competence Centre, contact us, that’s our job. As ACCCESS, our role is to connect the European Chips Competence Centres, so CCCs in short, the pilot lines, and the design platform, to build the European network of Chips Competence Centres.

So again, 30 Competence Centres, with two in Spain and two in Belgium.

A few words about ACCCESS: we are a Coordination and Support Action. We have seven partners.

BLUMORPHO is coordinator, with CNES, MESAP, MediaLogic, Silicon Alps, Silicon Saxony, and VDI/VDE-IT.

It’s a four-year project. We started in March, with a budget of 4 million euros. You can see on the right a list of associated partners in this initiative.


What are we doing?

We facilitate access to technology and training. We’re going to build catalogs of training and technology offers these initiatives are mostly led by MediaLogic and MESAP.

From the finance and business intelligence side, we want to facilitate access to the CHIPS fund.

We will also organize monthly webinars, we call them the CHIPS Think Tank.

The CHIPS Venture Forum is also an annual event. We will do it every year.

This is the first edition, in November. It’s an introduction to deep tech investors.

On the right, you can see our future website. It’s a platform to facilitate identification of the right partners.

In fact, you’ll have an AI-powered tool,  at the bottom right, you can see this button here.

It will be your chatbot, trained with all available content from the Competence Centres.

You’ll be able to ask your questions and find the right partners.

Obviously, the goal at the end is to have a human contact, and for us to make the introductions.

Now that you know a bit more about the motivation, the strategy, the partners and the Competence Centres, I’ll now ask Radia to take over and tell us more about what’s behind the CHIPS Venture Forum, and how to apply.


Radia :
Thank you, Régis.

The CHIPS Venture Forum is brought to you by a network of Competence Centres, in partnership with the EIC Accelerator and DG CONNECT, and in the presence of leading deep tech venture capital investors, corporate ventures and industrial players.

As Régis said, it’s not just a one-off event, it’s an entire process designed to support collaboration and investment.

The first edition will take place in November 2025, during Semicon Europa in Munich.

The exact date will be confirmed soon, but it will be between November 18 and November 21.

The forum is open to startups creating value across the entire semiconductor value chain from materials and chip design to manufacturing, integration and end applications.

The only condition to apply is that your activity is somehow related to semiconductors — even broadly.

We’re keeping the criteria as open as possible both in terms of technology and maturity stage.

So whether you’re pre-seed, seed, Series A, B or C, you’re welcome to apply.

We welcome companies working across the entire semiconductor value chain — from materials to packaging, including process equipment, mainstream silicon technologies, EDA and design automation, packaging and assembly, and others.

What you see on the right, like power electronics, etc., are more specific technology categories.

This is simply to help us organize the meetings more efficiently, based on your profile and area of expertise.

Don’t worry too much about fitting perfectly into one box  we’re flexible, and it’s a broad scope, as long as it’s semiconductor-related.

To apply, the only requirement is to fill out the application form.

This form will be shared with investors, and the information you provide will be used to create an investment opportunities portfolio.

Régis will share the link in the chat.

All the questions are standard questions typically asked by investors, but please pay attention to the character limits.

We want the information to be as clear and concise as possible.

The data you provide will also be included in a public booklet, but don’t worry — your slide deck will remain confidential and will only be shared with registered investors.

And if you feel like you don’t exactly match any of the listed categories on the form, just select “Other” and tell us more in your own words.


Regis :

So now a little bit more information about who you’re going to meet.
This first edition is also done in partnership with the INPHO community of investors. INPHO is a community that started about 16 years ago, and you’ll see here that we’ve made a selection for you of organisations that are really interested in everything related to silicon and quantum.

Just a few examples: on the left of this picture, you can see Anne Le Breton, she’s more into early-stage cases and she’s well known among many photonics companies, as she’s an advisor to several of them.

Aymeric Renard from Hardware Club is also known for his investments into analog photonics and gyroscopes, again, in silicon photonics. 

Matterwave invests in photonics companies like Akhetonics, Codasip, and Equal1, which is a quantum computing company.

360 Capital Partners invested in fabless companies like NeuroNova and Eye4Near, which works in near-infrared, again, photonics. C12 is also a well-known quantum computing company.

Some corporate ventures like Trumpf Venture, for example, are more interested in how they could use lasers in semiconductor manufacturing. That’s a different kind of positioning.

Airbus Ventures : they are known as Airbus, but it’s not a corporate venture in the traditional sense. It’s more like a traditional VC, and they’ve invested heavily in quantum technologies like C12, IonQ, Q-Ctrl, and QCWare.

And here are more names, we’ll also have people from Bosch Venture Capital, who were among the first to invest in quantum back in 2018.

IMEQ Expand is also known for investments in vertical compute — Wise, which is a gallium nitride circuit — Octalysis, and Celestial AI in photonics.

Deep Tech XL is an early-stage investment fund — the person in this picture is actually a former silicon expert — and they’ve invested in MicroAlign, which does fiber-to-chip coupling.

Again, this community of investors started working together around 16 years ago. They have one main event called the INPHO Venture Forum, which takes place every two years.

Here are a few examples of companies they’ve invested in: Effect Photonics, Prophesee, and Atom Computing. All these companies have been awarded during the INPHO Venture Forum.

So that was just to give you an insight into the investors who will be present in the room.

It won’t be limited to investors, there will also be corporates in the room, because, as we explained, one of the objectives of this forum is not just finance but also business.


Let’s get into the process and the timeline.

Applications to the Chips Financing Forum have been open since July 1st, and will remain open until September 19th.

During this phase, you can already contact your Competence Center. Some of them will provide specific support.

Unfortunately, not all the Competence Centers are fully operational yet, because some are still in the early stages. But in any case, it’s always good for you to reach out to them.

If you don’t know your Competence Center, we’ll be here to introduce you to your partners.

So, during this phase, you go to the application form, fill it in, you can do it in two sessions, but ideally as quickly as possible. That will help us invite the relevant corporates and organise the right matchmaking for you.

As we mentioned, the forum will end with a face-to-face event, but the important part already starts online.

We’ll host a webinar around September to introduce some of the investors, who will explain what they’re looking for, what they expect from companies, and what their strategy is regarding semiconductors.

There will also be online meetings starting in September and continuing through October.
Each applicant will have up to three meetings, with investors or corporates.

During these meetings, a selection will be made, investors will reach a consensus on which companies they’d like to see pitch on stage. Each meeting will be 15 to 20 minutes long. You’ll have five minutes to pitch your case, the format is up to you, with or without slides, and the rest will be Q&A and discussion. Fifteen to twenty minutes is short, but a lot can happen. And remember, the objective is not to sign a deal during these meetings, it’s to move on to the next step.

In October, there will be a one- or two-week period where selected companies will receive pitch training.

The selection will be made by investors, and the training will be provided by BLUMORPHO.

You will be coached to pitch a five-minute talk, that’s the format.

Between 15 and 20 companies will be selected to pitch on stage, depending on the quality of the applicants.

And of course, we’ll finish with the final event, which will take place during SEMICON Europa in Munich.

The exact date is not confirmed yet.
But even if you’re not selected to pitch on stage, you’ll be invited to attend the event for free.

It will be a closed-door event with investors, corporates, and startups.
There will also be representatives from the European Commission and a few Competence Centers.


So what’s going to happen during this event?

There will be 20 companies pitching.
It will run from 9:00 to 17:00, with panels, pitching sessions, and lots of opportunities for networking.

So even if you don’t pitch on stage, you’ll still have opportunities to meet people and connect.

Again, pitching is a bonus, but the meetings and networking you’ll do in advance will already have a lot of value.

After the event, all the information you’ve shared in the application form will be compiled into a catalogue of investment opportunities.

If there are some elements that you don’t want to be published, we will simply correct the form. It will be made available as a downloadable booklet, and there will be some additional elements in it, like the results of the panel’s discussion, for example.

We will also push a lot of communication through the network, and publish some posts and invite you to our webinars.

So that’s it for most of the information we wanted to share with you. We are now ready to take your questions.

I’ll check if there are any questions in the chat. All right.

here’s one specific question about the Competence Centers in Switzerland.

There is no Competence Center in Switzerland, but you can contact us and we’ll discuss this point.

If you don’t have any further questions, we do have one for you. We’d like to know if you plan to apply.

So I’ll launch the second question: do you plan to apply? Yes or no?

If you’re not sure yet, you may also want to have a call with us. And if it’s important for you, feel free to ask a question now about why you’re not sure about applying. We’ll give you some time to answer.

So again: you can apply until the 19th of September.
You will meet investors and corporates between the 19th of September and the 3rd of October.
Then, you’ll enter the selection phase and receive pitch training online.
Around 18 to 20 companies will be selected, but all of you will be invited to the event.

There’s one question: does it matter geographically where in the EU the startup is based?

I would say no, as long as you’re part of the European Union, there’s no problem to participate.

Again, if you’re not sure about your eligibility, the best is to contact us.


What is the role of the Competence Center regarding the application process?

The Competence Centers are directly sourcing startups. You can decide to apply directly via the link.
If you go through your Competence Center, there might be some additional support provided. They can maybe look at your pitch deck or help with travel to Germany if you’re selected.
Each Competence Center will have specific support, and you’ll need to talk to them directly.


I think we’ve covered most of the agenda for today. We recommend that you stay tuned.

We’ll host another session in early September with investors, so they can share why they are interested in semiconductors, what they are expecting, and what they are looking for. That will help you prepare for the meetings and of course your pitching.

And for those of you who selected that you’d like a call with us, don’t hesitate to contact me to hamelin@blumorpho.com or radia@blumorpho.com  so we can schedule it.

Thank you everyone, and have a good day.
Bye-bye!

Energy, Defense Challenges in France & Europe: Spotlight on

With Christian REITBERGER, Partner at Matterwave Ventures

Christian Reitberger highlights two distinct aspects of France: its strong emphasis on nuclear energy and its successful collaboration between major defense players and the startup ecosystem. Christian Reitberger discusses the significance of nuclear energy in France, contrasting it with the preferences of other European countries like Germany. He suggests a lively debate on the necessity of nuclear energy, including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), to meet energy demands, particularly for industries and data centers. Christian Reitberger also praises France’s model of collaboration between defense corporations and startups, noting its resemblance to successful practices in the United States. He emphasizes the uniqueness of these dynamics and suggests showcasing them at a French conference to provide valuable insights uncommon elsewhere.

CHRISTIAN REITBERGER 

I think there are two special traits of France, that are less represented in other eastern European countries, if we think about, one of our key European challenges, it is the very high energy costs that we have across the continent.

We all would agree that we bet on renewable energies on energy conversion storage, et cetera, et cetera, but in France, there is still this enormously strong lobby on nuclear and the Germans, for example, don’t understand the French at all, and why they like it so much.

 

So, to give some spice to the discussion, one question could be for a dependable baseload energy supply, with the still rapidly ramping electricity needs of reshored industry, and all those data centers all filled with NVIDIA GPUs. Is nuclear required and, do SMRs play a role.

 

I’m seeing that because you could invite ORANO or EDF. One could invite a couple of the SMR players to have a very lively discussion that you would not have anywhere else, nuclear is part of the energy mix of the future.

Just what food for thought. And the other one is different. Where we’re France, again, France has built a very, very close and tight relationship between the 5-6 major defense players that you have, SAFRAN, THALES, et cetera. And your startup in VC community. The rest of Europe is only catching up to that. I know continuously being invited by defense organizations, contractors that want to talk about dual use technologies and investing in dual use technologies.

 

France, as I learned a couple of weeks ago with an organization, with, one of the defense players is advanced here. You have seemingly you have found the model how to establish these collaborations between this open innovation platform, between your Big Defense Corporates and the startup community. Something that the US has done in the last 30 years and trained it extremely well. And we probably should learn.

 

And that is something that I think you could definitely demonstrate at the French conference; I’d be hard pressed to find more than three German participants who could talk with credibility about this topic. Yeah This would be special. You would not find this anywhere else.

What Deep Tech Investors Look for in Semiconductor Start-ups?

with Christian Claussen, general partner at Ventech and Guus Frericks, Founder and Managing Partner at Deeptech XL

As part of the preparation for the Chips Venture Forum, we are pleased to share the replay of an exclusive webinar with two leading Deep Tech Venture Capital Investors who are actively targeting the semiconductor market.

This session offers valuable insights into the investor’s perspective: Why is the semiconductor sector of strategic interest? What does a VC look for when evaluating a start-up in this field? What makes a first meeting memorable, and what prompts a second one?

By watching this webinar, participants gain concrete guidance to better prepare for their one-on-one meetings during the Chips Venture Forum. Whether you are refining your pitch, structuring your business case, or building your go-to-market strategy, this discussion helps you understand how to position your company to spark investor interest.

This session is part of the Chips Venture Forum. It is open to European start-ups creating value anywhere along the semiconductor value chain, from materials and design to manufacturing, integration, and applications. It welcomes a broad spectrum of technologies, including silicon-based solutions, as well as Photonics, Power Electronics, Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, and other innovative fields related to microelectronics.

The webinar also highlights the process for startups looking to gain visibility, connect with key ecosystem players, and accelerate their venture’s growth.

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Hello, I’m Régis Hamelin, CTO of Blumorpho. I’m here today with my colleague Radia. Good afternoon, Radia.
Thank you for joining this second webinar. The first one took place on July 22nd and is still available on the ACCESS YouTube channel, don’t forget to subscribe.

Today, we are pleased to welcome two special guests:
Christian Claussen, General Partner at Ventech.

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

Good afternoon, everybody.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Thank you for being with us. And Guus Frericks, Founder and Managing Partner at DeepTech XL.

 

GUUS FRERICKS
Good afternoon, everyone.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Thank you, Guus. Radia, maybe you can start with a short introduction.
This webinar is an interactive discussion. We encourage you to ask your questions directly in the chat. Today you have the chance to speak with two investors who are ready to answer even the toughest questions.

Let’s start with a quick poll: have you already applied to the Chips Venture Forum? Applications opened earlier this summer and there are now only about ten days left to register. So, are you already applied, planning to apply, or still hesitating? As you can see, “no” is not really an option we like to stay positive!

Take a moment to reply, and in the meantime, I will hand it over to Radia to give you a few details about the Chips Venture Forum itself.

 

RADIA LAHLOU

Hello everyone. The Chips Venture Forum is organized by a network of Competence Centres, in partnership with the EIC Accelerator and DG CONNECT, with the participation of leading deep tech venture capital investors, corporate ventures, and industrial players.

It is not just a one-off event, but a full process designed to foster collaboration and investment. The first edition will take place on November 18th in Munich, at the International Conference Center, during SEMICON Europa.

You have until September 19th to apply, so don’t wait too long.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Thank you, Radia. Let’s move to our guests. Christian, let’s start with you. Could you introduce yourself and your investment focus? 

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN
I’ve been a venture capitalist since 1998. Before that, I spent 10 years in telecoms on optical networking. I’m an electrical engineer and have long worked with semiconductors systems, chip design, and IP, though not production.

I’m a partner at Ventech, a European VC founded in Paris. We now have offices across Europe, and I’m speaking from Berlin. Ventech is mid-sized, with €1.2 billion raised. We just closed a €175 million fund focused on Series A.

We invest broadly in innovation and digitalization. AI dominates today, but trends are coming and going. Unlike most, we also invest in hardware and semiconductors. We usually invest seed to Series A, with tickets from €1–5 million.

Examples: ARTERIS, a French IP company we backed in 2003, listed on NASDAQ in 2021. Today we invest in Micro-OLED (near-eye displays, Grenoble), Kodasip (RISC-V processor IP, Brno), and a Dresden startup producing powders for OLED displays.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

So OLEDs and photonics remain important for you. Thank you. Guus, could you share your background?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

I’ve worked in semiconductors for almost 30 years. I started at Philips Semiconductors, co-founded NXP, and later ran a Sony-NXP joint venture for contactless payments. If you use Apple Pay or transport cards, we contributed to that.

In 2011, I launched my own company. Funding was tough in Europe, easier in the US, but we didn’t want to move. After 15 near bankruptcies, we sold to Apple in 2018. Tech is now in all their product lines.

That experience showed me Europe’s weakness in hardware VC. So, in 2021 I created DeepTech XL, with ASML as cornerstone investor. We closed our first €110 million fund in 2022.

We only invest in semiconductors and hardware. One example: a company using lasers to print solder paste on PCBs, faster and more precise than stencil printing. Even SpaceX was impressed.

Semiconductors are complex and tough, but with the right niche, you can achieve amazing things.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Thank you, Guus. DeepTech XL invests in the Netherlands, while Ventech invests across Europe. Christian, since Ventech is sector-agnostic, why semiconductors?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

Because of experience. My partner Jean Beaucereau and I know this sector. I’ve seen its evolution since 1998.

First, VCs backed telecom subsystems, companies building chips and optical modules for Philips or Ericsson. As Moore’s law advanced, chip design became more complex and costly. Today, a large SoC can need €200–300 million in R&D, which is very hard to raise in Europe.

So, we moved from fabless chips to semiconductor IP. It’s closer to software, but still long and capital-intensive. Some firms also develop manufacturing equipment, which is very risky, since fabs need 24/7 reliability and strong service.

Business models keep changing. It’s a tough space, but sometimes real opportunities emerge.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Thank you. The business model is key. Let’s now switch back to the process. Radia, can you give us a quick update?

 

RADIA LAHLOU

Thank you, Régis, and thanks to Christian and Guus. As mentioned, you have until September 19th to apply and meet investors in Munich.

After applications close, we start the digital sessions: one-to-one meetings with investors aligned with your thesis. Each last 15 minutes, five minutes pitch, then Q&A. Startups meet at least three investors.

Selected startups then get coaching and pitch again on November 18th in Munich, where a winner will be chosen. All startups are invited to the event to join networking and one-to-one meetings.

To apply, you only need to complete the online form, I’ll share the link in the chat. The form is shared with investors and builds the portfolio. Questions are standard investor questions, but please respect character limits so answers stay clear and concise.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Thank you. I see questions coming, but we’ll keep them in the end. For now, let’s discuss the investment process. Guus, how do you analyze a startup? What are you looking for?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

First, startups must solve real industry problems. Moore’s law is nearing its limits, ASML’s latest machines reach atom scale, causing quantum interference. This drives new approaches: chiplets, 3D stacking, cost-effective nodes, and memory closer to processing. These create interconnect, packaging, and heat dissipation challenges.

So, we ask: are you solving a real problem? Then, how can a small company survive among giants? What is the best go-to-market?

We assess the team’s expertise and track record. We estimate total funding needed, not just for the next round, but for scaling over the full lifecycle, and identifying possible partners.

We expect a sharp, articulated plan, with a detailed competitive map. How do you stand out? What do you know about competitors’ roadmaps? And how will you build a sustainable, defensible position?

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

That’s the full process. But in our one-to-one sessions, startups will only have five minutes. What do you expect from such a short pitch?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

Be concise. Five minutes should make us want to know more. Cover the basics, leave details out. Many founders, me included, are geeks and dive into technicalities. Don’t lose the audience. Keep it simple, to the point, and the result should be: “let’s schedule a follow-up.”

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

And Christian, what about you?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

In five minutes, I want to know why this is happening now. Why has the problem not been solved before? If the answer is “nobody thought about it,” that’s weak. There must be drivers, technical, regulatory, or manufacturing.

Then, why your team? What gives you the right to survive in this jungle? For example, “we’re five ASIC designers with 20 years’ experience” is good, but not enough.

In semiconductors, founders are often great technologists but lack go-to-market thinking. Yet if you want NXP or other big players as customers, it’s tough, they suffer from a strong “not invented here” syndrome. You need a unique angle of attack.

I want to sense that angle within the first five minutes.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

I see José is nodding. Do you want to elaborate on the European market for startups?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

It’s tough, a cutthroat global supply chain. Despite Europe’s wish to revitalize, we’ve neglected semiconductors for two decades. Money alone won’t fix it. You need to find the real nugget, define why now, and how you can sustain it.

A demo is not enough. There are bigger forces at play, and founders must know what they are getting into before asking for money. If we detect naivety in the first five minutes, we move on.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Interesting. You also said semiconductor founders are often strong on tech, but weak on business. So, what would make the ideal founding team?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

Domain knowledge, global networks, and a lot of stamina. It’s a rough business. Founders should be surrounded by the right advisors and investors who bring networks and experience.

In my first startup, we raised money from informal investors with no semiconductor background. Later, when negotiating with Apple, Hitachi or Renault, their advice was useless. That’s dangerous. Early capital is fine, but you need smart money on your cap table to really scale.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

So not just money, but networks and smart investors who understand semiconductors. Christian, do you agree?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

Absolutely. You need a strong team. Semiconductor founders usually have excellent technical skills, that’s rare to miss. But they also need people connected to the industry, who know the right contacts and can open doors.

This is a highly networked sector. Someone with a strong Rolodex who can secure 10 minutes with the right person accelerates everything. Experienced entrepreneurs, even from failed ventures, are also a good sign for us.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
And what about challenges for European startups compared to the US or Asia?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

In Europe, our investors, the limited partners are very risk averse. They don’t want to lose money. In the US, pension funds build large portfolios and accept that one fund may return poorly if others perform. In Europe, if a fund returns only 30 cents on the euro, you won’t raise the next one.

So, we must make money with every fund. That makes us cautious about long J-curves, common in deep tech and semiconductors. In the US, a startup might raise $150 million to compete with NVIDIA if the team is stellar. In Europe, that’s almost impossible.

Here, startups often need to advance step by step, start with parts of the vision, generate early customer traction, maybe begin with IP before moving to full chips.

The good news: the European Chips Act now provides significant co-funding through programs like EIC and EPC. It’s not free, VCs must invest first, but it allows companies to raise more. This has improved over the past five years.

Still, in Europe, projects that take five years before meeting the first customer remain extremely hard to finance.

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

At the end of the day, you need to prove the product works and delivers performance. You must tick off these risks quickly and with little money. Seed investors accept high risks but only invest small amounts.

Once you need €50–100 million, investors no longer accept showstopper risks. At that stage, it’s less about “will it work” and more about “is it €50 million revenue, €100 million, or €500 million?” They want proof you already have customers and a product.

This is why funding comes in rounds: each round reduces risks. You build progress, and once milestones are reached, larger funds can step in with bigger tickets. Seed funds spread small bets, accept high risk; later-stage funds focus on scale. That’s venture capital 101.

In semiconductors, founders are often brilliant engineers but not trained to speak VC language. Business school founders usually know how to pitch to investors, not always better entrepreneurs, but they understand the mindset.

So, semiconductor founders should learn how money thinks and how VCs evaluate risk. That’s not their natural background, but it’s essential.

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

At the end of the day, you must prove performance. Tick risks off quickly, with little money. Seed investors take high risks but only give small tickets.

Once you raise €50–100 million, investors won’t accept major risks anymore. At that stage, it’s not “will it work?” but “is this €50M, €100M or €500M revenue?” You need customers and a product.

That’s why funding comes in rounds: each reduces risk. Seed funds make many small bets, later-stage funds step in once milestones are cleared. Classic VC logic.

Semiconductor founders are often excellent engineers but not trained to speak VC language. Business school founders aren’t necessarily better entrepreneurs, but they know how investors think. Semiconductor teams must learn the money side too.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Thank you. We have more questions. Ryan, please type your question in the chat. Francis de Souza from Bagnan asks: since sustainability is less fashionable politically, is there still VC interest in climate-related technologies?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

Absolutely. The industry consumes huge amounts of water and energy, just cooling ASML tools is a massive issue. Semiconductors have a heavy CO₂ footprint, so sustainability is crucial.

With AI, data centers will consume even more power. One email already uses as much energy as boiling water for tea. Heat management is both a sustainability and performance issue. More efficient ways to extract or reuse heat are essential. Our fund is very interested, though our mandate is only in the Netherlands.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

Thank you. Next question: what kind of traction do you expect from startups at seed stage?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

In semiconductors, seed is about technology, not customers. Sometimes it’s just slides, if the team is qualified. Ideally, you have a prototype. It depends on the model, but milestones are technical, and investors rely on experts to assess claims. Customers at seed are rare, though not impossible.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN

We only have a few minutes left. Short answers, please. Nicolae Lavrov asks: what are your views on quantum technologies and revenue timelines?

 

GUUS FRERICKS

Quantum will come, but nobody knows when. It’s driven by geopolitical momentum. Our strategy: we don’t invest in full-stack too risky. We focus on enabling technologies less dependent on which architecture wins, and ideally with adjacent markets. Example: Delft Circuits, which makes cryogenic cables used across the industry, also with applications beyond quantum.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Last question for Christian. In Europe, VCs need steady returns, while US VCs often chase moonshots. Does that mean European funds avoid unicorn hunting?

 

CHRISTIAN CLAUSSEN

There’s truth to that. In the US, markets are bigger, and funds aim for huge returns, so they bet big early. In Europe, markets are smaller, and unicorn exits are rare.

European VCs prefer companies with €200–300M exit potential that can return 5x. Unicorns are nice, but not the core of our business. We focus on building strong, fast-growing, profitable companies. With good IP, sometimes big players acquire you just to block competition.

So no, we’re not unicorn hunters. We want great companies with solid positions in their markets.

 

RÉGIS HAMELIN
Thank you, Christian and Guus. You’ve been excellent speakers, and I’m sure the audience enjoyed it.

As a reminder: the Chips Venture Forum takes place on November 18th in Munich. Applications close September 19th. One-to-one meetings will be part of the program.

Our last poll shows 70% plan to attend. So, see you in Munich. I’ve shared the link with details of the investors you can meet, including Christian and Guus.

Thank you all and see you soon in Munich.

Frugal and Edge Computing

With Dieter KRAFT, Director ar TRUMPF Venture and François TISON, General Partner at 360 Capital Partner

Francois Tison challenges Nvidia’s viewpoint, advocating for less compute power to sustain the planet. He sees a global shift towards frugal computing and believes Europe’s engineering strengths position it well for reindustrialization.

Dieter Kraft highlights the trend towards more efficient computing, particularly on the edge, and its potential to reshape architectures. Both identify these topics as key for discussion at the INPHO event, emphasizing collaboration to address challenges and seize opportunities.

FRANCOIS TISON 

I think the comment of the Nvidia guys is extremely arrogant and goes. You always complete, completely contrary to where, where we’re going. I mean, there’s no way in Hell, you know.

 

The more you increase the level of abstraction, the more compute you need to achieve simple tasks, and we don’t need more compute to achieve simple tasks. We need less compute to achieve simple tasks, because the, you know, our planet cannot sustain more compute. So, I think I do think that, know, as I said in the beginning, we did a lot of CLEAN TECHS a lot.

 

In 2005, 2010, it was really, it was not the right time. I think now, we’re in an environment where both the public and the public at both ends, so, the consumers and the politicians that represent the consumers, are now extremely aware, and are pushing us and are pushing everyone to move into more frugal, way of consuming, and more frugal, ways of computing, cleaner, electricity, recycling, et cetera, et cetera. 

 

Net zero, but beyond net zero or just a more frugal economy. Generally speaking, and we’re talking about the reindustrialization of Europe. I think those two subjects are linked, because in order to be more frugal to recycle more, we’re going to need to promote with smarter, smarter solutions, more engineering precision, engineering, stuff that mixes, engine, mechanic, precision mechanics, and Chemistry to produce, energy. Store energy, etcetera, etcetera. 

And this is one of the traditional strengths of Europe. There are two places in the world where, where these technologies are really strong. It’s Europe, around the Alps, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France, that area, and Japan.

 

But, but, Europe is one of the strong areas in the world in terms of Engineering on these, on these topics, so, I do think that reindustrilaisation and going towards smarter, more efficient solutions and a more frugal economy, those are things that play to Europe strengths, and they go together, and I think these would be certainly, one of the interesting topics to cover. AT INPHO

 

 

DIETER KRAFT

But think it’s, it’s indeed interlinked between, let’s say, more computing but also more efficient computing.

which leads to a trend I tend to observe, not really sure if it’s already a trend, but what we see is, in different European countries. Netherlands and Christian knows about that or Dresden, efficiency on the edge, AI with components.

 

Also, hardware investments, which are more or less enabling on the edge, computing with much more efficiency, than in the past.

And that totally changes the architecture, or might change the architecture, And might also, let us think about what can we do in order to lower down the power consumption of distributed computing?

 

That is something where we have a deeper look. And I think it’s potentially a point for discussion in the INPHO event because that is, for me, something, what is really differentiating, and where we need syndicates. Which can go together that way, might be capital intensive, but it might be huge in the impact.

Evolving Computing Hardware

With Mathieu Costes, Airbus Venture

Mathieu Costes highlights the evolving computing landscape, emphasizing Quantum Computing and emerging hardware technologies. He discusses the importance of these advancements for Venture Capital investments, particularly in early-stage ventures. Costes also underscores the need for software orchestration in hybrid architectures and the urgency for sustainability in data center operations.

MATHIEU COSTES

One thing, one theme that I think, resonates with what we discussed over the last few minutes, is the world of compute because, obviously Quantum Computing and the world of hardware is evolving. Who will win the race between ion trap, neutral Atom, and others? I don’t know, but things are progressing heavily.

 

If you think compute, we’ll go to the known world of CPUs that measure low consumption CPUs of tomorrow, GPUs with the Nvidia story that could enable AI and other stuff, QPU is quantum, The world of Neuromorphic chips may come in, and finally mature.

Then we see the world of photonics, that may be much faster to move a photon, to save time when latency and speed is critical and Think about a DNA based storage and chemistry-based computing that could offer unprecedented, paralyzed tasks. So, the world of compute, starting with the hardware, to me, is the key element that is relevant for Venture Capital, especially in early stage.

 

And on that one, you could even see the world of software to orchestrate between Solver, and the world of workload scheduler in this new hybrid architecture, will have a key role to play. This is a this is a global problem. Because obviously we know the world of AI, which generate a huge volume of workload. between that one, weather forecasts, scientific computing and whatever computing to be needed tomorrow. I think we’ve got a very promising field to share news and hopefully, too, deploy more capital into in the coming years.

 

I would even mentioned, sustainability, how to have datacenters, CPU, GPUs, QPUs, that will not absorb the full volume of green electricity produced. You see what happened in Ireland a couple of months ago, they stopped the growth and expansion of the datacenters. Say, they are consuming 18% of the electricity generated into the country, which is exactly the same level of the energy electricity consumed by the citizens. So things will have to change.

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